{"id":1007,"date":"2011-01-08T17:07:21","date_gmt":"2011-01-08T15:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1007"},"modified":"2018-02-26T01:30:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T23:30:36","slug":"tren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1007","title":{"rendered":"Treni kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Treni kim icat etti<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fairfield adl\u0131, alt\u0131 tekerlekli, dikey kazanl\u0131 buharl\u0131 arac\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bridges Adams<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Fairfields’deki at\u00f6lyesinde tamamland\u0131, 1848 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 1849 y\u0131l\u0131na ba\u011flayan k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde Bristol and Exeter Demiryolu \u015eirketi’nin Tiverton hatt\u0131nda hizmete girdi.\u00a0Saatte 40 mil h\u0131z yapabilen Fairfield, birinci mevkide 16, ikinci mevkide ise 32 yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yabiliyordu. Birinci mevki kompart\u0131manlarda bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck panoramik pencereler, bu konuda bir \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sekiz tekerlekli ilk dizel-elektrik treni 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130svi\u00e7re’de, Mallersta-Sodermanlands hatt\u0131nda hizmete girdi.<\/p>\n

Tren<\/b>, raylar \u00fczerinde bir ya da birka\u00e7 lokomotif taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen veya itilen vagonlardan olu\u015fan ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

Tren, d\u00fcnyada ilk kez 1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere’de kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tren, Richard Trevithick ad\u0131nda bir m\u00fchendis ile \u0130ngiltere’nin Pennydarran b\u00f6lgesinde bir maden sahibinin iddiala\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. M\u00fchendis Trevithick, 10 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki demir y\u00fck\u00fc, kendi yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu buharl\u0131 makineyle Pennydarran’dan Cardiff’e kadar rayl\u0131 bir yol arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hi\u00e7 zorlanmadan ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fini iddia ediyordu. B\u00f6ylece 6 \u015eubat 1804 tarihinde Tram-Waggon adl\u0131 bir lokomotif 10 tonluk demir y\u00fck\u00fc ve ayr\u0131ca 70 yolculu bir arabayla Cardiff’ten hareket etti. 16\u00a0km uzunlu\u011fundaki Pennydarran-Cardiff yolu, beklemeler ve tamirler de hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, tam 5 saatte a\u015f\u0131labildi. Elde etti\u011fi bu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonuca kar\u015f\u0131n Trevithick’in \u015fans\u0131 yaver gitmemi\u015f bu yeni makineyi daha fazla geli\u015ftirememi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece makinenin o g\u00fcnlerdeki yayg\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 hayvanlardan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn ve etkin oldu\u011funu ispatlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu nedenledir ki, trenin bulunu\u015fu, ba\u015fka bir \u0130ngiliz’e, George Stephenson’a mal edilir. George Stephenson, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda, peron, lokomotif ve vagon tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece o g\u00fcn\u00fcn buharl\u0131 lokomotifi geli\u015fimin bir simgesi halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stephenson, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1825 tarihinde yaln\u0131zca yolcu ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yarak D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n ilk demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren treni, \u0130sko\u00e7ya’da Darlingthon ile Stockton aras\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Stephenson, bu tarihten be\u015f y\u0131l sonra saatte 24\u00a0km h\u0131zla gidebilen ve Rocket ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yeni bir lokomotif modeliyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari \u00f6nemi olan Liverpool-Manchester hatt\u0131ndaki yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

50\u00a0km uzunlu\u011fundaki Liverpool-Manchester hatt\u0131ndan sonra, \u0130ngiltere’de on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131m\u0131 bitmi\u015f veya tamamlanm\u0131\u015f durumda olan demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011funun toplam\u0131 2.000\u00a0km’ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1831’de Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde, 1832’de Fransa’da 1835’te Bel\u00e7ika ve Almanya’da 1837’de Rusya’da ve 1848’de \u0130spanya’da demiryolu kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Treni kim icat etti Fairfield adl\u0131, alt\u0131 tekerlekli, dikey kazanl\u0131 buharl\u0131 arac\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bridges Adams taraf\u0131ndan Fairfields’deki at\u00f6lyesinde tamamland\u0131, 1848 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 1849 y\u0131l\u0131na ba\u011flayan k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde Bristol and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[599,969,968],"class_list":["post-1007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-lokomotif","tag-tren","tag-vagon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1007"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10120,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007\/revisions\/10120"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}