{"id":1016,"date":"2011-01-05T17:26:44","date_gmt":"2011-01-05T15:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1016"},"modified":"2016-12-26T02:30:31","modified_gmt":"2016-12-26T00:30:31","slug":"sogutma-tesisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1016","title":{"rendered":"So\u011futma Tesisi’ni kim kurdu"},"content":{"rendered":"

1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD’de ve Avustralya’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Birle\u015fik Amerika’da, kimyasal so\u011futma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Alexander Catlin Twining yap\u0131yordu. Twining, 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda eter buhar\u0131n\u0131n ani yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla so\u011futma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131l sonra, Ohio’da, Cleveland kentinde bir so\u011futma tesisi kuracak ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Tesiste 10 demir sarn\u0131\u00e7 vard\u0131. Etil eter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu sarn\u0131\u00e7larda g\u00fcnde bir ton buz elde ediliyordu. Avustralya’da ise, Melbourne Age gazetesinin eski yaz\u0131 m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc James Harrison, Victoria’daki Barwon Nehri \u00fczerinde ilk buz \u00fcretim tesisini kurdu. Bin sterline mal olan bu tesis, amonya\u011f\u0131n buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

So\u011futma<\/b>, bir maddenin veya ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7evreleyen ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na indirmek ve orada muhafaza etmek \u00fczere \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemine denir.<\/p>\n

So\u011futma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Kat\u0131 maddelerin erime gizli \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak<\/li>\n
  2. S\u0131v\u0131 maddelerin gazla\u015fma gizli \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak<\/li>\n
  3. S\u00fcblimle\u015fme gizli \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak<\/li>\n
  4. Dondurucu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar kullanarak<\/li>\n
  5. Mekanik<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    So\u011futma veya klima tekni\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem uygulan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    Fiziksel y\u00f6ntem<\/span><\/h3>\n

    S\u0131v\u0131lar buharla\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7evreden \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekerler, buharla\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evreden \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi, \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekilen ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur. Is\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmesine ya da s\u0131cakl\u0131k azalmas\u0131na so\u011fuma denir. Fiziksel so\u011futma y\u00f6nteminin end\u00fcstride kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli \u015fekli, so\u011furmada so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu sistemde \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Herhangi mekanik par\u00e7as\u0131 yoktur. So\u011futma devresinde so\u011futucu olarak silikojel ve su kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Silikojel nem tutucu ya da emici siliko-sodyuma maddesel bir asitin etkimesiyle olu\u015fur. Bu bile\u015fik daha sonra y\u0131kan\u0131p kurutulabilir. \u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanecikler halinde so\u011futma devresine yerle\u015ftirilen silikogel amonya\u011f\u0131 emer. Amonyak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda suda kolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti 65\u00a0\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman buharla\u015f\u0131r ve sudan ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Suyun i\u015flevi so\u011futma devresindeki amonya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmektir. Sistem\u00a0; so\u011furma cihaz\u0131, kondenser (yo\u011fu\u015fturucu) ve evaporat\u00f6r (buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131dan) olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

    Kimyasal y\u00f6ntem<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Normal s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olduklar\u0131 halde baz\u0131 kimyasal maddeler belirli aralarda birbirleriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar elde edilebilir. Bunun nedeni kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015furken \u00e7evreden bir miktar \u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin kar veya buzla sofra tuzunun kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda so\u011fuma elde edilir.\u00a0%65 kar veya buz,\u00a0% 35 tuz (NaCl) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk s\u0131cakl\u0131k 0\u00a0\u00b0C , kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20\u00a0\u00b0C’dir.\u00a0%60 kar ya da buz\u00a0%40 tuzun ilk s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 0\u00a0\u00b0C, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30\u00a0\u00b0C’dir.<\/p>\n

    Mekanik y\u00f6ntem<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Mekanik y\u00f6ntemle so\u011futma d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan i\u015f verilerek so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Termodinami\u011fin 2. kanununa g\u00f6re ters Carnot \u00e7evrimi prensibine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD’de ve Avustralya’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Birle\u015fik Amerika’da, kimyasal so\u011futma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Alexander Catlin Twining yap\u0131yordu. Twining, 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda eter buhar\u0131n\u0131n ani yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla so\u011futma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[1108,1107],"class_list":["post-1016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-soguk-hava-deposu","tag-sogutma-tesisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1016"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1016"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7348,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1016\/revisions\/7348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}