{"id":10603,"date":"2018-01-01T09:43:35","date_gmt":"2018-01-01T07:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10603"},"modified":"2018-03-08T12:18:55","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T10:18:55","slug":"icatlar-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10603","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – A harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aerosol Sprey<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aerosol Sprey, Norve\u00e7’li Erik Rotheim taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. 23 Kas\u0131m 1927’de Rotheim, valf ve itici sistemler ile ilgili\u00a0s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 tutabilen ve da\u011f\u0131tabilen bir kutu patenti ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk aerosol kutusu (kutu, itici gaz [flurocarbon gibi s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir gaz] ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozulu) 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lyle David Goodloe ve W.N. Sullivan taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. ABD’de Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131tman\u0131n sebebi olan sivrisinekleri sprey ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrme yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda “t\u0131kanmayan” p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme supab\u0131 Robert H. Abplanal taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk sprey boya Edward H. Seymour taraf\u0131ndan 1949’da ke\u015ffedildi. Seymour’un kar\u0131s\u0131 Bonnie ona boya i\u00e7in aerosol aplikat\u00f6r\u00fc fikrini vermi\u015fti. Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk sprey boya al\u00fcminyum rengindeydi. Seymour, halen faal durumda olan Chicago’da, Seymour of Sycamore Inc<\/em>. firmas\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n

Anaokulu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Anaokulu (“Kre\u015f”), Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi (1782-1852). Froebel, 1837’de Bad Blankenburg’da ilk anaokulunu a\u00e7an bir Alman e\u011fitimci ve e\u011fitim reformcusuydu. Froebel, 1849’da Liebenstein’da bir anaokulu e\u011fitim okulu kurdu. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yetkilileri ile fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fayan Froebel’in okulunu kapatt\u0131lar ve anaokulunu a\u00e7may\u0131 yasaklad\u0131lar. 1860’da h\u00fck\u00fcmet yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131 ve maalesef Froebel’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra anaokullar\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Froebel’in anaokulundaki e\u011fitim, keyifli zamanlar, motivasyon etkinlikleri, oyunlar, m\u00fczik ve fiziksel egzersizler gibi dersleri i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n

Araba Cam Silece\u011fi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6n cam silece\u011fi, 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Mary Anderson<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin ya\u011fmur alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde araba s\u00fcrmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in icat edildi. 1905’te icad\u0131n\u0131n patentini ald\u0131 ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin i\u00e7erideki bir kol ile sileceklerini kontrol etmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Cam silecekleri on y\u0131l sonra otomobillerde standart donan\u0131m haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Akkor Ampul<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk akkor elektrik lambas\u0131 1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Humphry Davy taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra, 1860’da \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7i Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914) pratik, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bir elektrik ampul\u00fc tasarlamaya kararl\u0131yd\u0131. Karbon ka\u011f\u0131t filaman\u0131n iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti, ancak \u00e7abuk yan\u0131p yok olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sorundu. Geli\u015ftirmelerden sonra 1878’de \u0130ngiltere’nin Newcastle kentinde yeni elektrik ampullerini sergiledi.<\/p>\n

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931), bir\u00e7ok bulu\u015fu d\u00fcnyada devrim yapan Amerikal\u0131 bir mucitti (Menlo Park Sihirbaz\u0131 olarak da bilinir). Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 icatlar ve geli\u015ftirmeler aras\u0131nda; akkor ampul\u00fcn iyile\u015ftirilmesi, fonograf\u0131 (Ses Kaydedici), plak kayd\u0131, karbon telsiz vericisi ve film projekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi teknolojik icatlar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Edison’un ilk i\u015fi telgraf operat\u00f6r\u00fc\u011f\u00fc idi ve bu s\u0131rada\u00a0Edison Universal Stock Printeri\u00a0 tasarlad\u0131. New Jersey’deki Menlo Park’ta bir laboratuar kurmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan 40.000 dolar sermayeyi bu icad\u0131ndan kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Edison, parlayan, uzun s\u00fcre dayanacak ve ucuz olacak \u015fekilde do\u011fru malzemeleri bulmak i\u00e7in binlerce farkl\u0131 ampul filamenti denedi. 1879’da Edison, havas\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, oksijensiz bir amp\u00fclde bir karbon filaman\u0131n\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Edison nihayetinde 1500 saatten fazla parlayan bir ampul \u00fcretti. Bu akkor ampul d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00fc<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z fizik\u00e7i Raymond Gaston Plant\u00e9 (22 Nisan 1834-1889), iki kur\u015fun levhadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir telle birle\u015ftirilen ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit elektrolitine bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir pil icat etti. Bu ilk ak\u00fc idi. Depolama pilleri, \u015farj edilebilir piller bu sayede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anemometre\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anemometre, r\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 veya hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en bir cihazd\u0131r. R\u00fczgara dik olarak yerle\u015ftirilen ilk anemometre, 1450’de \u0130talyan mimar Leon Battista Alberti taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7i Robert Hooke, daha sonra farkl\u0131 anemometre geli\u015ftirdi. 1846’da, \u0130rlandal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i John Thomas Romney Robinson, modern \u00e7anakl\u0131 anemometreyi icat etti.<\/p>\n

Ark Lambas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), 1800’de ilk elektrik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olan ark lambas\u0131n\u0131 icat eden \u0130ngiliz bir bilim adam\u0131d\u0131r. Elektrikle deneylerinde bir pil icat etti. Pillerin u\u00e7lar\u0131na kablolar takt\u0131 ve kablolar\u0131 karbon par\u00e7as\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, karbon par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda elektrik topland\u0131 ve yo\u011fun, s\u0131cak ve k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fcretti. Buna elektrik ark\u0131 ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Davy, ayr\u0131ca madenciler i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik kask\u0131n\u0131 ve deniz suyundan tuzu ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir prosed\u00fcr icat etti. Davy, bor, sodyum ve al\u00fcminyum ve potasyum elementlerini ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

Apgar Skoru<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apgar skoru do\u011fumda bebe\u011fin fiziksel durumunu belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan standart bir testtir. Bu basit, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi kolay test New York Columbia-Presbyterian T\u0131p Merkezi’nde anestezi profes\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Virginia Apgar (1909-1974) taraf\u0131ndan 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Apgar testi do\u011fumdan bir dakika sonra do\u011fumdan be\u015f dakika sonra bir yenido\u011fana uygulan\u0131r.\u00a0Bu test h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde t\u0131bbi personele yenido\u011fan bebe\u011fin kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, solunumu, kas g\u00fcc\u00fc, refleks tepkisi ve cilt rengi gibi durumlar\u0131 puanlar. Sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin bebe\u011fin acil t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Asans\u00f6r<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Elisha Graves Otis (1811-1861), asans\u00f6rlerin emniyetini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftiren asans\u00f6r frenini icat etti. Kaza an\u0131nda asans\u00f6r\u00fc yakalamak i\u00e7in bir yay \u00fczerinde bir mandal\u0131 olan bir sistem kullan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1854’te New York’taki Crystal Palace Exposition’da Otis, asans\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kablosunu bir balta ile keserek ne kadar g\u00fcvende oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi ve asans\u00f6r kabini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmeden \u015faft \u00fczerinde sabit kald\u0131. Otis’in bulu\u015fu, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki \u015fehirlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sonsuza dek de\u011fi\u015ftirerek g\u00f6kdelenlerin geli\u015fimine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ata\u015f<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Ata\u015f, 1899 veya 1890’da Johann Vaaler ad\u0131nda Norve\u00e7li bir tezgahtar taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Orijinal ata\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7gen veya kare u\u00e7lu, iki “dili” olan ince bir \u00e7elik teldi. Vaaler, icad\u0131n\u0131 Almanya’da ve daha sonra ABD’de patentledi (1901).<\/p>\n

Modern \u015fekilli Ata\u015f, 27 Nisan 1899’da, Connecticut, Waterbury’deki William Middlebrook taraf\u0131ndan patentlendi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aerosol Sprey Aerosol Sprey, Norve\u00e7’li Erik Rotheim taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. 23 Kas\u0131m 1927’de Rotheim, valf ve itici sistemler ile ilgili\u00a0s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 tutabilen ve da\u011f\u0131tabilen bir kutu patenti ald\u0131. \u0130lk aerosol kutusu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10603"}],"version-history":[{"count":75,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11088,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603\/revisions\/11088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}