{"id":1064,"date":"2017-01-16T08:52:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T06:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1064"},"modified":"2018-10-03T10:49:38","modified_gmt":"2018-10-03T08:49:38","slug":"elektrik-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1064","title":{"rendered":"Elektri\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektri\u011fi kim buldu?<\/strong> Bu sorunun birden fazla cevab\u0131 var. Elektrik, iki cismin birbirine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiyle, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi herhangi bir mekanik etki s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kristallere olan etkisi sebebiyle meydana gelen ve etkisini, \u00e7ekme, itme, mekanik, kimyasal veya \u0131s\u0131 olaylar\u0131 \u015feklinde g\u00f6steren bir enerji \u00e7e\u015fididir. Elektrik kelimesi, Yunanca elektrondan gelmektedir. \u0130nsanlar elektri\u011fi y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce kehribar\u0131n, mesela, kuma\u015fa s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden sonra toz ve k\u0131l gibi hafif cisimleri kendisine \u00e7ekmesi olay\u0131 ile tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fi kim ke\u015ffetti, kim buldu<\/h2>\n

Bu deneyi ilk yapan Yunanl\u0131 filozof ve bilgin Thales<\/strong><\/a> (M.\u00d6. 640-546) bu olay\u0131n sadece kehribarla ilgili oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131\u015f ve elektron ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tikten sonra elektri\u011fin kanunlar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 A\u00e7\u0131klamadan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u0130sa’dan 600 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Yunanl\u0131lar bir yere devaml\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrt\u00fclen, b\u00f6ylece k\u0131zan amberin, mantar ve ka\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7alar\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden hafif maddeleri \u00e7ekebilme yetene\u011fini biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131<\/a> William Gilbert\u00a0<\/strong>Elektri\u011fi ciddi olarak incelemeye ba\u015flayan ki\u015fi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Elektrik\u00a0teriminin ilk kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak bilinen Gilbert, durgun yani statik elektrikle manyetizma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131. Elektrik y\u00fcklerinin eksi ve art\u0131 olarak belirlenip adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.\u00a0Baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan,\u00a0William Gilbert \u00a0<\/strong>elektrik m\u00fchendisli\u011finin veya elektrik ve\u00a0manyetizman\u0131n\u00a0babas\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1767 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Joseph Priestley<\/strong>, elektrik y\u00fcklerinin birbirlerini, aralar\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n karesiyle ters orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00e7ektiklerini buldu.<\/p>\n

Alessandro Volta ve Pilin icad\u0131<\/h2>\n

S\u00fcrtme ile meydana gelen statik yani durgun elektrikten ba\u015fka, akan elektri\u011fin bulunu\u015fu \u0130talyan bilim adam\u0131 Alessandro Volta<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n 1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneylerle ba\u015flar. Alessandro Volta<\/strong> ilk elektrik pilini ve bundan da ilk elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elde etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen,1672 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar elektri\u011fin icad\u0131<\/strong> ile ilgili kayda de\u011fer bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. 1672 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Otto von Guericke<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir adam, elini h\u0131zla d\u00f6nen bir s\u00fclf\u00fcr (k\u00fck\u00fcrt) k\u00fcrenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na tutarak, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elektrik \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

1729 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, Stephen Gray<\/strong>, baz\u0131 maddelerin (\u00f6rne\u011fin metaller) bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere elektrik ilettiklerini ke\u015ffetti. Bu t\u00fcr maddeler “kond\u00fckt\u00f6r-iletken” diye tan\u0131mland\u0131lar. Cam,k\u00fck\u00fcrt,amber,balmumu gibi di\u011fer baz\u0131 maddelerde elektri\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor,bir yerden bir yere iletmiyorlard\u0131. Bunlara genel olarak “yal\u0131tkan” ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

Benjamin Franklin<\/h2>\n

Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda son derece \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131m, 1733 y\u0131l\u0131nda Du Fay<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir Frans\u0131z\u0131n negatif ve pozitif elektrik y\u00fcklerini bulmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Du Fay<\/strong>, negatif ve pozitif \u015farjlar\u0131n (elektrik y\u00fcklerinin),iki ayr\u0131 t\u00fcr elektrik oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yine de, elektri\u011fin ger\u00e7e\u011fe en yak\u0131n tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 yapan Benjamin Franklin<\/strong>‘dir. Benjamin Franklin<\/strong>‘in fikrine g\u00f6re, tabiattaki b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerin b\u00fcnyesinde elektriksel bir ak\u0131\u015f vard\u0131. Belirli iki madde aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme, bu ak\u0131\u015ftan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, miktar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fazlal\u0131k meydana getirecek \u015fekilde \u00f6teki maddeye ge\u00e7mesine sebep oluyordu. Bug\u00fcn, bu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc elektronlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Elektrik konusunda en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerin, 1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alessandro Volta<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ilk pilin (bataryan\u0131n ) ke\u015ffiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma kabul etmeyen bir ger\u00e7ektir. S\u00f6z konusu batarya, ilk devaml\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir elektrik kayna\u011f\u0131 olmak niteli\u011fiyle, \u00f6teki bulu\u015flar ve uygulamalar yolunda d\u00fcnyaya k\u0131lavuzluk etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Humphry Davy<\/strong>, \u00a01808 de elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan iki k\u00f6m\u00fcr elektrodu birbirinden ay\u0131rarak \u00a0bir ark olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece elektri\u011fin \u0131\u015f\u0131k ya da \u0131s\u0131 enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. 1820 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hans Christian Orsted<\/strong>, i\u00e7inden elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7en bir iletkenin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bir m\u0131knat\u0131s i\u011fnesinin sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0g\u00f6zlemleyerek, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iletken \u00e7evresinde bir magnetik alan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla ve Alternatif Ak\u0131m (AC)<\/h2>\n

1900’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda S\u0131rp as\u0131ll\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis, mucit ve elektrik sihirbaz\u0131 Nikola Tesla<\/strong> ticari elektri\u011fin do\u011fu\u015funa \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Edison ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve daha sonra elektromanyetizma alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok devrimci geli\u015fmeye katk\u0131da bulundu.\u00a0Alternatif ak\u0131m (AC), AC motorlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ok fazl\u0131 elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemi ile ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u00a0devrim niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n Hayat\u0131’na buradan<\/a>, Nikola Tesla \u0130catlar\u0131’na buradan<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Amerika<\/a>l\u0131 mucit ve sanayici George Westinghouse<\/strong>, Tesla’n\u0131n alternatif ak\u0131m motorunu sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirdi. Westinghouse, Tesla ve di\u011ferlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 elektri\u011fin gelece\u011finin do\u011fru ak\u0131mdan ziyade Alternatif ak\u0131mda\u00a0oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin laboratuar duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p sanayideki ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famdaki yerini almas\u0131 s\u00fcreci 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00a0Z\u00e9nobe-Th\u00e9opline Gramme<\/strong>, elektrik enerjisinin havai hatlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla etkin bir bi\u00e7imde \u00a0iletilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Thomas Edison<\/strong><\/a> ‘un 1881’ de ilk elektrik \u00fcretim merkeziyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u00a0\u015febekesini New York’ta kurmas\u0131, elektrik enerjisinin evlerde ve sanayide yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin Enerji Olarak Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Elektri\u011fin enerji olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 1880\u2019lerde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6nce bu safhaya gelmeye zemin haz\u0131rlayan pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.\u00d6. Thales\u2019in elektrostatikle ilgili bulu\u015flar\u0131, 1800\u2019lerde \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Volta\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pil, fizik\u00e7i Hans Christian Orsted<\/strong>\u2019in elektrik ve ma\u011fnetizma ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi manyetik alanla ilgili fizik\u00e7i Fron\u00e7ois Arago<\/a> ve Amp\u00e9re\u2019in tesbitleri, mekanik enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine \u00e7eviren dinamoyu geli\u015ftiren Michael Faraday<\/strong><\/a>\u2019\u0131n incelemeleri bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Faraday\u2019dan sonra Frans\u0131z Hippolyte Pixli<\/strong> alternatif ak\u0131m jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131. 1866\u2019da Alman Weiner von Siemens<\/strong>\u2019in jenerat\u00f6rlerde m\u0131knat\u0131s yerine elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesiyle y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7te jenerat\u00f6rlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. 1880\u2019lerde Thomas Edison<\/strong>\u2019un ampul\u00fcn icad\u0131<\/a> ile elektrik enerjisi ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektri\u011fi kim buldu? Bu sorunun birden fazla cevab\u0131 var. Elektrik, iki cismin birbirine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiyle, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi herhangi bir mekanik etki s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kristallere olan etkisi sebebiyle meydana gelen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[643,1419,622,644,1416,1418,1415,1417,1685,1394,1424,1421,1420,1413,1412,1414,1805],"class_list":["post-1064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-alessandro-volta","tag-benjamin-franklin","tag-edison","tag-elektrik","tag-gramme","tag-hans-christian-orsted","tag-hippolyte-pixli","tag-humphry-davy","tag-joseph-priestley","tag-michael-faraday","tag-nikola-tesla","tag-otto-von-guericke","tag-stephen-gray","tag-thales","tag-thomas-edison","tag-weiner-von-siemens","tag-william-gilbert"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1064"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12226,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064\/revisions\/12226"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}