{"id":10678,"date":"2018-01-02T20:48:55","date_gmt":"2018-01-02T18:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10678"},"modified":"2018-08-25T19:16:39","modified_gmt":"2018-08-25T17:16:39","slug":"icatlar-b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10678","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – B harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bakalit<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Bakalit (ayr\u0131ca katalin olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r), tak\u0131, oyun par\u00e7alar\u0131, motor par\u00e7alar\u0131, radyo kutular\u0131, anahtarlar ve daha bir\u00e7ok nesne yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yo\u011fun bir sentetik polimer (fenolik re\u00e7ine) olan plastiktir. Bakalit ilk end\u00fcstriyel termoset plastiktir (kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u015fekli bozulmayan bir malzeme). Bakalit plastik karbolik asitten (fenol) ve formaldehitten yap\u0131l\u0131r, bunlar kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve daha sonra kal\u0131plan\u0131r veya istenen \u015fekle sokulur.<\/p>\n

Bakelite, 1907’de Bel\u00e7ika do\u011fumlu Amerikal\u0131 kimyager Leo Hendrik Baekeland<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi ve patentlendi (14 Kas\u0131m 1863 – 23 \u015eubat 1944). Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan Alman kimyageri Adolf von Baeyer 1872’de bu materyal ile ilgilendi. Fakat tam olarak potansiyelini g\u00f6remedi\u011fi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirmelerini tamamlamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baekeland, General Bakelite Company’yi 1911’den 1939’a (Perth Amboy, NJ, ABD’de) kadar i\u015fletti ve y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 200.000 ton Bakalit \u00fcretti. Bakalit, o zaman kadar \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan yan\u0131c\u0131 sel\u00fcloit plastik yerine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Balon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

S\u0131cak hava balonu, s\u0131cak hava ile dolu bir balondur; s\u0131cak hava, havan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan daha az yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fckselir. Joseph ve Jacques Etienne Montgolfier karde\u015fler, ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131cak-hava balonu yapan Frans\u0131z mucitlerdir. Onlar\u0131n ilk balonu Aral\u0131k 1782’de g\u00f6sterime \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 300 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr s\u0131cak hava balonlar\u0131na genel olarak Montgolfi\u00e9re denir. Montgolfi\u00e9re balonu ka\u011f\u0131ttan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve yanan y\u00fcn ve nemli saman ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan havay\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu. Montgolfier karde\u015flerin 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1783’te 500 m’lik bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe g\u00f6nderdikleri\u00a0 s\u0131cak hava balonundaki ilk yolcular, bir horoz, koyun ve \u00f6rdekti (yolculuk 8 dakika s\u00fcrd\u00fc); Hayvanlar u\u00e7u\u015ftan sa\u011f kurtuldu. Bu olay Kral Louis XVI ve Fransa Krali\u00e7esi Marie Antoinette taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemlendi.<\/p>\n

Barometre<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Barometre hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en bir cihazd\u0131r. Aletten atmosfere kadar uzanan havan\u0131n kolon a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er. Bug\u00fcn yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan iki t\u00fcr barometre vard\u0131r: civa ve aneroid (“ak\u0131\u015fkan olmayan” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r). Daha \u00f6nceki su barometreleri (“f\u0131rt\u0131na barda\u011f\u0131” olarak da bilinir) 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda\u00a0 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Civa barometresi, 1643’te \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Evangelista Torricelli<\/a> (1608 – 1647) taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Torricelli c\u0131va dolu bir cam t\u00fcp\u00fc ba\u015fka bir c\u0131va kab\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc; t\u00fcp i\u00e7indeki c\u0131va t\u00fcp\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcndeki atmosferdeki havay\u0131 “a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r”.<\/p>\n

Aneroid barometre (s\u0131v\u0131 yerine yay dengesi kullan\u0131larak), Frans\u0131z bilim adam\u0131 Lucien Vidie taraf\u0131ndan 1843’te icat edildi.\u00a0Aneroid barometre, s\u0131v\u0131 yerine yay dengesini kullan\u0131r; Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve in\u015fa edilmesi kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Baryum Stearat Film<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kathering J. Blodgett (1898-1979), cam\u0131 tamamen yans\u0131tmaz ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale getiren mikro ince bir baryum stearat filmi icat eden Amerikal\u0131 bir fizik\u00e7i ve mucittir (patent no 2,220,660, 16 Mart 1938). Blodgett’in icad\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fck, kamera merce\u011fi, teleskop, mikroskop, periskop ve projeksiyon merce\u011finde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Blodgett, “renk g\u00f6stergesi” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kaplaman\u0131n (yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 molek\u00fcl kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 da icat etti.<\/p>\n

Basketbol<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Basketbol oyunu James Naismith (1861-1939) taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Naismith, \u00f6\u011frencileri k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda spor yapabilmeleri i\u00e7in 1891’de oyunu icat eden bir Kanada beden e\u011fitimi \u00f6\u011fretmeni idi. Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA (Gen\u00e7 Erkekler H\u0131ristiyan Birli\u011fi) okulunda \u00f6retmenlik yaparken\u00a0 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi orijinal oyununda Naismith \u015feftali sepetlerine atmak i\u00e7in bir futbol topu kulland\u0131. \u0130lk halka a\u00e7\u0131k basketbol ma\u00e7\u0131, 11 Mart 1892’de MA, ABD’de Springfield’de yap\u0131ld\u0131. Basketbol, 1936’da Berlin Almanya Olimpiyatlar\u0131’nda ilk kez oynand\u0131 (Amerika alt\u0131n madalya kazand\u0131 ve Naismith oradayd\u0131).<\/p>\n

Batisfer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Batisfer, insanlar\u0131n okyanusta, dalman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinliklere inmesini sa\u011flayan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir metal k\u00fcredir. \u00c7ok kal\u0131n \u00e7epere sahip bu bo\u015fluklu d\u00f6kme demir k\u00fcre, \u00e7elik bir kablo kullanarak bir gemiden indirilir ve kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Batisfer, William Beebe ve Otis Barton taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir (yakla\u015f\u0131k 1930). Amerikal\u0131 bir do\u011fa bilimci ve deniz ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olan William Beebe (1977 – 1962), 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda bat\u0131\u015f k\u00fcresini test etti ve 1,45 m \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir bat\u0131\u015f k\u00fcresi ile 1426 feet’e indi. Beebe ve Otis Barton 1934’te 914m lik daha derin bir dal\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131lar. Atlantik Okyanusunda Bomuda’n\u0131n Nonsuch Adas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda dald\u0131lar. Dal\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda telefonla y\u00fczeyle ileti\u015fim kurdular.<\/p>\n

Bebek Bezi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k bez 1950’de Marion Donovan taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k s\u0131zd\u0131rmayan bu bez plastik astarl\u0131 bir bezdi. Donovan daha sonra tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k bir bebek bezini geli\u015ftirdi. Bulu\u015funu yerli \u00fcreticilere satmakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunca kendi \u015firketini kurdu.<\/p>\n

Marion Donovan (1917-1998), 1950’de kullan\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131lan bezin icad\u0131n\u0131 yapan bir Amerikan anne, mucit ve mimard\u0131. \u0130lk s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k bezinin ad\u0131 “Boaters” d\u0131 ve plastik astar bir du\u015f perdesi ve daha sonra para\u015f\u00fct naylonu ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. Donovan daha sonra tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k bir bebek bezini geli\u015ftirdi. Donovan, bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik \u00fcr\u00fcn icat etti ve bir d\u00fczineden fazla patent ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Cyrus Hall McCormick (15 \u015eubat 1809 – 13 May\u0131s 1884) mekanik orak makinesi yani bi\u00e7erd\u00f6veri geli\u015ftiren \u0130rlandal\u0131 k\u00f6kenli Amerikal\u0131 bir mucittir. Yeni makinas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artan mahsul verimi sa\u011flad\u0131. Hasat i\u00e7in gereken i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131, maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve tar\u0131mda devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bifokal G\u00f6zl\u00fck Camlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Benjamin Franklin 1700’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda bifokal (\u00e7ift odakl\u0131) g\u00f6zl\u00fck camlar\u0131n\u0131 icat etti. Kendi g\u00f6zleri hipermetroptu (yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rememe) ve orta ya\u015flar\u0131nda\u00a0miyop (uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rememe) oldu. \u0130ki g\u00f6zl\u00fck aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmaktan b\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Franklin, her iki g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn merceklerini yatay olarak keserek yak\u0131n i\u00e7in merceklerin alt yar\u0131s\u0131 ve uzak i\u00e7in merceklerin \u00fcst yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi. Her iki b\u00f6lgeye odaklanan tek bir g\u00f6zl\u00fck haline getirdi. Bu yeni g\u00f6zl\u00fck her iki g\u00f6rme problemini ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu. Bug\u00fcn hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilgisayar Derleyici<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amiral Grace Murray Hopper (1906 – 1992), 1952’de bilgisayar derleyicisini (AO olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131) icat eden ABD’li bir deniz subay\u0131 ve matematik\u00e7idir. Derleyicisi bilgisayar programc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devrim yapt\u0131 ve makine kodu (merkezi i\u015flem biriminin \u015fifreli, anadili) ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey programlama komutlar\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kolayca anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ve \u00f6\u011frenilmeye\u00a0 ba\u015flad\u0131. Hopper ve bir ekip, ilk kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu i\u015f programlama dili olan COBOL’u (COmmon Business-Oriented Language) geli\u015ftirdi. IBM Mark II’nin ilk bilgisayar\u0131nda saptanan bir hataya i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fcve neden olmu\u015ftu; Hopper,\u00a0 sonra programlama ve bilgisayar hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan “bug” terimini \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

Bisiklet<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

En eski bisiklet, celerifere ad\u0131 verilen ah\u015fap scooter benzeri bir mekanizma idi; Fransa’daki Comte Mede de Sivrac taraf\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda icat edilmi\u015ftir. 1816’da Almanya’n\u0131n Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun, \u00f6n tekerle\u011fe bir direksiyon \u00e7ubu\u011fu tak\u0131l\u0131 bir model icat etti ve buna Draisienne ad\u0131 verildi. \u0130ki tekerlekli (ayn\u0131 ebatta) ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc iki tekerlek aras\u0131nda oturuyordu, ancak pedal yoktu; hareket ettirmek i\u00e7in ayaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanarak bisikleti ileri itmek gerekiyordu (biraz scooter gibi). Bisikletini 6 Nisan 1818’de Paris’te sergiledi.<\/p>\n

Buhar Motoru<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk Buhar motoru, eski Yunan m\u00fchendislerinden Heron taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Heron buhar motorunu oyuncak yapm\u0131\u015f ve cihaz\u0131n\u0131 “Yunanca” r\u00fczgar topu “anlam\u0131na gelen” aeolipile “olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir buhar motoru, Dionysius Papin’in y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir buhar motoru i\u00e7in bir plan yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1690 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tasarlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Thomas Savery, ilk buhar motorunu 1698 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurdu. Watt daha sonra buhar motorunu geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

James Watt (1736-1819) \u0130sko\u00e7 mucit ve m\u00fchendisti. 1765 y\u0131l\u0131nda Watt, buhar motorunu eski Newcomen buhar motorlar\u0131ndan daha verimli ve d\u00f6rt kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlayarak devrim yapt\u0131. Watt, 1772’de i\u015fadam\u0131 ve fabrika sahibi Matthew Boulton ile ortakl\u0131k kurarak\u00a0 fikirlerini ticari olarak tan\u0131tma f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalad\u0131. Watt ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 piston hareketini d\u00f6nme hareketine (“g\u00fcne\u015f ve gezegen” di\u015flisi) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem icat etti, bu da motorun kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Watt bu d\u00f6ner hareketli buhar motorunu 1781’de \u00fcretti. Bu motor, madenlerde, tekstil fabrikalar\u0131nda tezgahlarda, ka\u011f\u0131t fabrikalar\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flamak da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok uygulama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Sanayi Devrimi’nin motor g\u00fcc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu motorlar \u00fcstlendi. Watt, motorlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 “beygir g\u00fcc\u00fc” terimini \u00fcretti. Bir beygir g\u00fcc\u00fc dakikada 33.000 pound i\u015fe e\u015fittir yani bir dakikada 33.000 pound a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir feet y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in gereken g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Watt buhar motoru \u00fczerine 1755’te patent ald\u0131 ve bu sayede \u00e7ok zengin bir adam oldu. Parlamento, 1882’de (\u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131 Watt’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7ok sonra) elektrik enerjisi birimini “watt” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buharl\u0131 Gemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Henry Bell (1767-1830), 1812’de buharl\u0131 bir tekneyi in\u015fa eden bir \u0130sko\u00e7 m\u00fchendis ve mucittir. Comet olarak an\u0131lan 3.5 metrelik buharl\u0131 gemisi, Avrupa’da ticari olarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ilk buharl\u0131 gemi oldu. Bu tekne Greenock ile Glasgow (\u0130sko\u00e7ya) aras\u0131nda Clyde Nehri boyunca d\u00fczenli olarak sefer yapt\u0131. Comet, denizcilikte bir devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bula\u015f\u0131k Makinesi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk bula\u015f\u0131k makinesi 1850’de Joel Houghton taraf\u0131ndan patentlendi; onun makinas\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerine su s\u0131\u00e7ratan elle d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen bir tekerlekten olu\u015fuyordu – maalesef bula\u015f\u0131k y\u0131kamada \u00e7ok etkili de\u011fildi. \u0130lk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan otomatik bula\u015f\u0131k makinesi, 1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda Illinois’in Shelbyville kentinde bulunan Bayan Josephine Garis Cochran taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Bula\u015f\u0131k makinesinde bir tel sepet bulunan ah\u015fap k\u00fcvet vard\u0131 – tabaklar sepete koyuluyor ve makaralar kirli tabaklar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu . K\u00fcvette bir tutma kolu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bula\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n temizlenmesi i\u00e7in k\u00fcvete s\u0131cak sabunlu su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Cochran’\u0131n makinesi ilk Chicago, Illinois’deki 1893 D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131’nda g\u00f6sterildi. \u0130lk ba\u015fta, makine sadece baz\u0131 restoranlar ve oteller taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131. Cochran’\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015firketi sonunda KitchenAid \u015firketiyle birle\u015fti. 1960’lara kadar bula\u015f\u0131k makinesi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc tasarrufu sa\u011flayan bir makine olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015famad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunsen Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunsen Oca\u011f\u0131 veya Bunsen Beki 1989’da Robert Wilhelm Bunsen taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Bunsen (1811-1899) Alman kimyager ve \u00f6\u011fretmendi. Kimyasal maddeleri izole etme ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bunsen oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 icat etti – Bunsen Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n test edilen kimyasallar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan renkli alevle kar\u0131\u015fmayan y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu, soluk bir alevi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buzdolab\u0131<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemi olan vakumda s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile havan\u0131n so\u011futulmas\u0131, 1748’de Glasgow, \u0130sko\u00e7ya \u00dcniversitesi’nden William Cullen taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi; Cullen, ke\u015fiflerini hi\u00e7bir pratik ama\u00e7la uygulamad\u0131. \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7i Michael Farady, so\u011fumaya (1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda) neden olan amonya\u011f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Faraday’\u0131n fikri, sonu\u00e7ta gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kompres\u00f6rlerin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131. Amerikal\u0131 mucit Oliver Evans, 1805 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk so\u011futma makinesini tasarlad\u0131. 1844 y\u0131l\u0131nda Florida’l\u0131 bir Amerikal\u0131 doktor olan John Gorrie, Evans’\u0131n icat\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir cihaz yapt\u0131 ve bu da sar\u0131 humma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 havay\u0131 so\u011futmak i\u00e7in buz yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk elektrikli buzdolab\u0131 1803 y\u0131l\u0131nda Thomas Moore taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Yiyecekleri so\u011fuk tutmak i\u00e7in tasarlanan ilk ticari buzdolab\u0131 1911’de (General Electric Company taraf\u0131ndan) ve 1913’de (Fred Wayne, Indiana, ABD’de Fred W Wolf taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi) sat\u0131ld\u0131; bu model bir buz kutusu \u00fczerine monte edilen bir \u00fcniteden olu\u015fuyordu. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir buzdolab\u0131 (dolab\u0131n alt\u0131nda kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131) 1915’de Alfred Mellowes taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mellowes bu buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 ticari olarak \u00fcretti (tamamen elle yap\u0131ld\u0131). Bu bozdolab\u0131, ABD’de buzdolaplar\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in 1918’de Frigidaire \u015eirketi’ni kuran WC Durant (General Motors Ba\u015fkan\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bakalit Bakalit (ayr\u0131ca katalin olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r), tak\u0131, oyun par\u00e7alar\u0131, motor par\u00e7alar\u0131, radyo kutular\u0131, anahtarlar ve daha bir\u00e7ok nesne yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yo\u011fun bir sentetik polimer (fenolik re\u00e7ine) olan plastiktir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10678"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10678"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11712,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10678\/revisions\/11712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}