{"id":10680,"date":"2018-01-03T20:49:57","date_gmt":"2018-01-03T18:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10680"},"modified":"2018-03-08T12:20:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T10:20:17","slug":"icatlar-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10680","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – C harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cassegrain Teleskopu – Cassegrain Yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cassegrain teleskopu, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan ve bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc odaklayan, i\u00e7 b\u00fckey aynas\u0131 olan geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131 yans\u0131tma teleskobudur. \u0130kinci bir ayna, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 birincil aynadaki bir bo\u015fluk boyunca yans\u0131tarak g\u00f6z merce\u011finin veya kameran\u0131n t\u00fcp\u00fcn arka ucuna monte edilmesine izin verir. Cassegrain yans\u0131tma teleskopu 1672’de Frans\u0131z heykeltra\u015f Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. 1930’da Estonyal\u0131 astronom ve lens yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935) taraf\u0131ndan bir d\u00fczeltme plakas\u0131 (objektif) eklendi ve Cassegrain teleskopun k\u00fcresel sapmas\u0131n\u0131 en aza indiren Schmidt-Cassegrain teleskopu olu\u015fturuldu.\u00a0Cassegrain yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla optik teleskoplarda ve radyo antenlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cep Telefonu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk otomatik analog cep telefonu 1960’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ticari modeller Japonya’da NTT taraf\u0131ndan 3 Aral\u0131k 1979’da tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skandinavya’da, 13 Ekim 1983’de Chicago, ABD’de (Motorola taraf\u0131ndan) ve 1980’de ise Avrupa’da tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Erken mobil FM (frekans mod\u00fclasyon radyosu 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edwin H. Armstrong taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir) telsiz telefonlar\u0131 1946’dan beri ABD’de kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131, ancak radyo frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 herhangi bir b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri de\u00a0\u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir b\u00f6lgede ayn\u0131 anda enfazla bir d\u00fczine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131labilyordu. Bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 frekanslar\u0131 payla\u015fan \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanlar (h\u00fccreler yada baz istasyonlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir) gerekiyordu. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar arama s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir alandan di\u011ferine ge\u00e7tiklerinde, aramay\u0131 kaybetmemek i\u00e7in istasyon otomatik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir. Bu sistemde, az say\u0131da radyo frekans\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya cevap verebilir. Bu cep telefonu konsepti 1947’de Bell Laboratuarlar\u0131ndaki bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131, ancak ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bilgisayarlar o zaman yoktu. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ucuz bilgisayarlar geli\u015ftirildi\u011finde cep telefonlar\u0131 \u00fcretilebilir hale geldi. GSM a\u011f\u0131 Motorola da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Martin Cooper taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131. Martin Cooper<\/a>‘\u0131n icad\u0131 17 Ekim 1973’te patentlendi. Motorola, ABD cep telefon patentlerini elinde bulunduruyor.<\/p>\n

C\u0131rt Bant<\/a> (Velcro)<\/strong><\/p>\n

George de Mestral, 1948’de Velcroyu icat eden \u0130svi\u00e7reli bir m\u00fchendistir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yaparken, dulavratotu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n giysilerine ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc derecede yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015fti. Tohumlar, kendilerini k\u0131yafetlerine s\u0131k\u0131ca yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kanca benzeri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sahipti. Mestral, ayn\u0131 modeli ilmeklerin bulundu\u011fu bir \u015ferit ve\u00a0naylon kancalar bulunan\u00a0ba\u015fka bir \u015fetritle birle\u015ftirerek Velcro’yu geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Mestral, 1957’de Velcro’ya patent ald\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7o\u011funlukla k\u0131yafetler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131, ancak art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u015feyi sabitlemek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ikolata Par\u00e7ac\u0131kl\u0131 Kurabiye<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ruth Wakefield 1930’da \u00e7ikolata par\u00e7ac\u0131kl\u0131 kurabiyeyi icat etti (ve \u00e7ikolata \u00e7erezleri). Massachusetts’de Toll House Inn ad\u0131nda bir moteli i\u015fletti\u011fi s\u0131rada kakao bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onun yerine \u00e7ikolatay\u0131 par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015f ve kurabiye hamuruna kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak bu kurabiyelere “Toll House Cookie” ad\u0131 verildi. Tarifi Nestle paketlerinin arkas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7im Bi\u00e7me Makinesi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u00e7im bi\u00e7me makinesi 1830’da Edwin Beard Budding taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Budding (1795-1846), Stroud, Gloucestershire, \u0130ngiltere’de ya\u015fayan bir m\u00fchendisti. Makaral\u0131 bi\u00e7me makinesi, iki tekerlek \u00fczerinde bir silindire yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir dizi b\u0131\u00e7aktan olu\u015fuyordu. \u00c7im bi\u00e7me makinesini bast\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, silindir d\u00f6ner ve b\u0131\u00e7aklar \u00e7imleri keser. Budding, 31 A\u011fustos 1830’da \u00e7im bi\u00e7me makinesinin patentini ald\u0131. Bulu\u015fundan \u00f6nce \u00e7im bi\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir t\u0131rpan kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bir di\u011fer y\u00f6ntem ile koyun veya di\u011fer otlayan hayvanlar otlatmaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. ABD’de ilk makaral\u0131 \u00e7im bi\u00e7me makinesi patenti (12 Ocak 1868), Archimedean \u00c7im Bi\u00e7me Maden \u015eirketi’ni kuran Amariah M. Hills’e verildi.<\/p>\n

Coca Cola<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

John Stith Pemberton (1830-1888) Amerikal\u0131 bir eczac\u0131, asker ve mucitti. 8 May\u0131s 1886’da Atlanta, Georgia, ABD’de Coca-Cola’y\u0131 icat etti. Coca-Cola’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler olan French Wine of Coca ad\u0131nda bir \u015farap, bir\u00e7ok \u015furup, ila\u00e7 ve iksir icat etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Atlanta, 1885’te alkol t\u00fcketimini yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, French Wine of Coca \u015farab\u0131n\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kald\u0131. \u0130\u00e7kisine \u015feker, sitrik asit ve pek \u00e7ok meyvenin u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ekledi ve orijinal Coca-Cola ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ana maddelerinden en \u00f6nemlileri koka yapraklar\u0131 ve kola f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 idi. Coca-Cola h\u0131zla \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir gazl\u0131 i\u00e7ecek \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu.<\/p>\n

Pemberton, Frank Robinson ve David Roe ile ortak oldular, ancak ortaklar k\u0131sa s\u00fcresonra kavga etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Pemberton Coca-Cola’daki pay\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 satt\u0131. Coca-Cola’n\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc halen korunan bir s\u0131r niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cassegrain Teleskopu – Cassegrain Yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 Cassegrain teleskopu, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan ve bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc odaklayan, i\u00e7 b\u00fckey aynas\u0131 olan geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131 yans\u0131tma teleskobudur. \u0130kinci bir ayna, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 birincil aynadaki bir bo\u015fluk boyunca…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10680"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10680"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11090,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10680\/revisions\/11090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}