{"id":10684,"date":"2018-01-05T20:51:18","date_gmt":"2018-01-05T18:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10684"},"modified":"2018-03-08T12:21:26","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T10:21:26","slug":"icatlar-f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10684","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – F harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fermuar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Whitcomb L. Judson Chicago, Illinois’l\u0131 bir Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis, 1890’da metal di\u015fli kilitleme mekanizmas\u0131na sahip bir fermuar icat etti. Judson, 29 A\u011fustos 1893’de icad\u0131n\u0131 “kop\u00e7a kilidi” ad\u0131yla patentledi, 1893’te Chicago D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131’nda bu yeni bulu\u015fu sergiledi. Fakat bu yeni icad\u0131n\u0131 pazarlamay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131. Fermuar \u0130sve\u00e7li Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis Gideon Sundbach taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi ve 1923’te BF Goodrich \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan Zipper (Fermuar) ismi verildi. Whitcomb L. Judson 1909’da icat etti\u011fi fermuar\u0131n\u00a0yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remeden \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

F\u0131st\u0131k Ezmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

George Washington Carver (1865-1943) Amerikal\u0131 bir bilim adam\u0131, e\u011fitimci, humanist ve eski k\u00f6le idi. Carver f\u0131st\u0131klardan, tatl\u0131 patateslerden, meyvelerden ve soya fasulyesine kadar y\u00fczlerce \u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015ftirdi; onun ke\u015fifleri, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi ve G\u00fcney Amerika \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirdi. Bundan \u00f6nce, G\u00fcney Amerika’daki tek temel \u00fcr\u00fcn pamuktur. Carver’\u0131n icat etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda bir kau\u00e7uk t\u00fcrevleri, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, g\u0131da maddeleri, boyalar, pigmentler ve daha bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn yer ald\u0131. En \u00e7ok bilinen icad\u0131 ise f\u0131st\u0131k ezmesidir.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf Filmi<\/strong><\/p>\n

George Eastman (1854-1932), foto\u011fraf alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fme yapan Amerikal\u0131 bir mucitti. Eastman, 1879’da kuru plaka y\u00f6ntemini icat etti; bu, \u0131slak plaka i\u015flemi uygulanan foto\u011frafik i\u015fleminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fmeydi. Eastman Dry Plate \u015firketini 1881’de Rochester, New York’ta kurdu. Eastman ve William Walker, 1882’de esnek rulo foto\u011fraf filmini icat etti, b\u00f6ylece foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta hantal cam plakalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek kalmad\u0131. Eastman, 1888’de 25.00 $ kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131lan ilk basit, \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131, sabit odakl\u0131 kameray\u0131 \u00fcretti; bu ilk KODAK Kamerayd\u0131. 1900’a gelindi\u011finde, Eastman Kodak sadece bir dolara mal olan bir kamera \u00fcretiyordu. \u015eirket ad\u0131, 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eastman Kodak Company olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve halen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck foto\u011fraf \u015firketlerinden birisidir.<\/p>\n

Fotokopi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Chester Floyd Carlson (1906-1968), 1938’de elektrostatik bask\u0131y\u0131 (Xerografi\u00a0 Yunanca “kuru yaz\u0131” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r) icat etti. Xerografi, m\u00fcrekkep kullanmadan ka\u011f\u0131t kopyalama yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemde, statik elektrik, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir tablay\u0131 \u015farj eder; Beyaz kalacak alanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan alanlara plastik bir toz (toner) uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Chester F. Carlson Seattle, Washington, ABD’de d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Bir gen\u00e7 olarak, Carlson kimyasal bir dergi yay\u0131nlayarak ebeveynlerine destek verdi. Cal Tech’de fizikte okuduktan sonra Carlson bir elektronik firmas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Carlson daha sonra, sayfalar\u0131 kopyalaman\u0131n verimli bir yolunu bulmak i\u00e7in evde denemeler yapt\u0131. 1938’de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu ve devrim niteli\u011findeki fotokopi cihaz\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir firma ilgilenmeden \u00f6nce yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 \u015firkete satt\u0131. Haloid \u015eirketi (daha sonra Xerox Corporation olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r) cihaz\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve fotokopi eninde sonunda yayg\u0131n ve ucuz kopyalama y\u00f6ntemi oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fermuar Whitcomb L. Judson Chicago, Illinois’l\u0131 bir Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis, 1890’da metal di\u015fli kilitleme mekanizmas\u0131na sahip bir fermuar icat etti. Judson, 29 A\u011fustos 1893’de icad\u0131n\u0131 “kop\u00e7a kilidi” ad\u0131yla patentledi, 1893’te Chicago…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10684"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11093,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10684\/revisions\/11093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}