{"id":10696,"date":"2018-01-15T20:54:36","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T18:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10696"},"modified":"2018-03-13T00:22:10","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T22:22:10","slug":"icatlar-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10696","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – R harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk pratik radar sistemi, 1935’te Scotish fizik\u00e7i Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt (13 Nisan 1892 – 5 Aral\u0131k 1973) taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt u\u00e7aklar\u0131 g\u00fcvende tutmak i\u00e7in f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 takip etmek i\u00e7in radar\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Radar\u0131n icad\u0131 m\u00fcttefiklerin \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 Almanlara kar\u015f\u0131 kazanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r. Radar, uzaktaki nesneleri radyo dalgalar\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek ve geri d\u00f6nen ekolar\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Radar, uzak bir nesnenin nerede, ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck, hangi \u015feklide oldu\u011funu, ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket etti\u011fini ve hangi y\u00f6nde ilerleyece\u011fini belirleyebilir. Radar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hava durumunu izlemek, hava trafi\u011fini izlemek, gemileri denizde izlemek ve f\u00fczeleri tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Radyo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Radyo, Nikola Tesla taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/a> Radyo, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guglielmo Marconi taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Guglielmo Marconi<\/a> (1874-1937), \u0130talyan mucidi ve fizik\u00e7iydi. 1895’de Marconi, radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n (kablosuz telgraf) kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti ve pop\u00fclerle\u015ftirdi, radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 iletmek ve almak i\u00e7in bir cihaz yani radyoyu icat etti. Bu cihaz\u0131 ile Atlantik Okyanusu’nun di\u011fer taraf\u0131na ilk iletisini 12 Aral\u0131k 1901’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Marconi, 1909’da Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radyo Teleskop<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir radyo teleskobu, uzaydaki radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 toplayan bir metal \u00e7anakt\u0131r. Radyo astronomisi, uzaydaki radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek uzay\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Radyo astronomisi, Karl G. Jansky’nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 1932’de Samanyolu Galaksisinin merkezi b\u00f6lgesinde, kozmik bir kaynaktan radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti. Jonesky’nin ke\u015fiflerini okuduktan sonra Gote Reber (radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 odaklamak i\u00e7in 32 fit \u00e7apl\u0131 bir parabolik \u00e7anak kullanarak) ilk ger\u00e7ek radyo teleskobunu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radyoimm\u00fcn Test<\/strong><\/p>\n

1959’da Dr. Solomon A. Berson (1919-1972) ve Dr. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-) Radyoimm\u00fcn Test’i (RIA) ortakla\u015fa icat etti. Radyoimmunoassay, hastal\u0131k te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, insan kan\u0131n\u0131 ve dokuyu kimyasal olarak analiz eden bir y\u00f6ntemdir. RIA hastal\u0131k te\u015fhis y\u00f6ntemi t\u0131pta bir devrim yaratt\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kan veya doku \u00f6rne\u011fi kullanan ve uyguamas\u0131 nispeten ucuz ve basit bir testtir. Kan bankalar\u0131, kan izlemek i\u00e7in RIA kullanmaktad\u0131r. RIA, kandaki \u015fekeri, uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fcksek tansiyonu, infertiliteyi ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok durum ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Radyoimm\u00fcn Test icad\u0131 i\u00e7in Yalow, 1977’de T\u0131p’da Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131 (1972’de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc Berson Yalow teslim ald\u0131). Yalow ve Berson Radyoimm\u00fcn Test’i patentlemedi; Bunun yerine, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na faydal\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in RIA’n\u0131n genel kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verdiler.<\/p>\n

Rayon (Bitkisel ipek)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rayon, odun hamuru veya pamuk at\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sel\u00fcloz esasl\u0131 bir elyaft\u0131r. Rayon ipek yerine de kullan\u0131l\u0131r di\u011fer ad\u0131 bitkisel ipektir. 1855’te \u0130svi\u00e7re kimyager Georges Audemars taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi; s\u00fcre\u00e7 1864’te Frans\u0131z kimyager ve sanayici Comte (Kont) Hilaire Bernigaud de Chardonnet (1839-1924) taraf\u0131ndan rafine edildi. Rayon 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ndeki Avtex Fibers Inc. taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez ticari olarak \u00fcretildi – ilk \u00f6nce “yapay ipek” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ancak ad\u0131 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda rayon olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Razor Scooter<\/strong><\/p>\n

Razor scooter, yeni ve \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir katlanabilir scooter \u00e7e\u015fididir. J.D Corp.’da (\u00c7in, Tayvan Changhua’da al\u00fcminyum bisiklet par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve elektrikli scooter satan bir \u015firket) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. \u015eirketin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gino Tsai, fabrika katlar\u0131n\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde dola\u015fman\u0131n bir yolunu istedi. Ekibin u\u00e7ak s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 al\u00fcminyum ve poli\u00fcretan jant kullanan mevcut modeli geli\u015ftirmesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 y\u0131l ald\u0131. 1998’de NSGA D\u00fcnya Sporlar\u0131 Fuar\u0131’nda tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk Razor scooter’lar\u0131n\u0131 sipari\u015f eden Sharper Image Corp oldu. Scooterlar h\u0131zla d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda pop\u00fcler oldu.<\/p>\n

Roket<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk roketler \u00e7inliler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat\u00a0Robert Hutchings Goddard (5 Ekim 1882 – 10 A\u011fustos 1945), modern roket sistemlerinin babas\u0131 olarak bilinen Amerikal\u0131 bir fizik\u00e7i ve mucittir. 1907’de Goddard, bir roketin bo\u015flukta itilebilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlayan ki\u015fidir. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Goddard iki ABD patenti ald\u0131: s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 roketler ve kat\u0131 yak\u0131t kullanan iki-\u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 roketler. 1919’da Goddard, y\u00fcksek irtifal\u0131 bir roketi anlatan “A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Y\u00fcksekli\u011fe Ula\u015fman\u0131n Bir Y\u00f6ntemi” adl\u0131 bir bilimsel makale yazd\u0131. Goddard’\u0131n bir\u00e7ok bulu\u015fu modern rocketrinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temeldir.<\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015fimlerin sonunda, Goddard ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 roketi, 16 Mart 1926’da Auburn, Massachusetts’teki bir akrabas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7iftli\u011finden S\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t t\u00fcketen Nell adl\u0131 roketi f\u0131rlatt\u0131. U\u00e7u\u015f 2 1\/2 saniye s\u00fcrd\u00fc; roket 184 feet’lik bir mesafede katetti ve 41 fit’lik bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Goddard k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede daha sofistike \u00e7ok kademeli roketleri, roketleri y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in kanatlar\u0131 (1932), roketi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in bir cayro kontrol cihaz\u0131 ve s\u00fcpersonik roketleri (1935) geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Roswell, New Mexico’ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. 1937’de Goddard, cayro kontrol cihaz\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak d\u00f6nebilen bir motorlu gimballer \u00fczerindeki ilk roketi piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Robert Goddard’\u0131n toplam 214 patenti vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

R\u00f6ntgen<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131<\/a> 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen (1845-1923) taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Roentgen, opak kalkanlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda saklanm\u0131\u015f objeleri foto\u011fraflamas\u0131na izin veren bu yeni radyasyon \u015feklini tan\u0131mlayan bir Alman fizik\u00e7iydi. Kendi iskeletinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bile foto\u011fraflad\u0131. X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra t\u0131ptaki \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Roentgen bu dalgalar\u0131 “X-radyasyonu” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radar \u0130lk pratik radar sistemi, 1935’te Scotish fizik\u00e7i Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt (13 Nisan 1892 – 5 Aral\u0131k 1973) taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt u\u00e7aklar\u0131 g\u00fcvende tutmak i\u00e7in f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10696"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11393,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10696\/revisions\/11393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}