Demir, nikel, \u00e7elik gibi baz\u0131 metalleri kendine \u00e7eken, bunu da manyetik kutup \u00f6zelli\u011fi sayesinde yapabilen maddeye m\u0131knat\u0131s denmi\u015f. Manyetik alana sahip materyale m\u0131knat\u0131s denir yani. O da \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir metaldir ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cU\u201d harfi \u015feklinde bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki ucu, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle iki kutbu, manyetik bir itme ve \u00e7ekme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n
M\u0131knat\u0131s s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keninin bizim topraklardan geldi\u011fine dair bir bilgi var: \u0130ngilizce \u2018magnet\u2019 kelimesi, m\u0131knat\u0131s maddesinin \u00e7ok bulundu\u011fu Manisa, eski ad\u0131yla Magnesia\u2019dan t\u00fcremi\u015f. Bir di\u011fer bilgi de Latin k\u00f6kenli \u2018manyes\u2019 kelimesinin \u2018manyesia\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve \u0130ngilizce \u2018magnet\u2019 e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n
\u00dcnl\u00fc filozof ve bilim adam\u0131 Tales<\/strong>, magnetizma konusunda o zamana kadarki en ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015f. \u0130ngiliz bilim insan\u0131 William Gilbert<\/strong> de \u201cDe Magnete\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir m\u0131knat\u0131s oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f. Buna g\u00f6re, elimizdeki pusula do\u011fal olarak yerk\u00fcrenin manyetik kutbunu i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n Elektrik ile magnetizma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki tabii ki bundan \u00e7ok uzun zaman sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmi\u015f. 1819\u2019da, Danimarkal\u0131 profes\u00f6r Hans Christian Oersted<\/strong>, bir derste uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyde, elektrik devresinin a\u00e7\u0131lma ve kapanmas\u0131 ile yak\u0131nda bulunan pusulan\u0131n i\u011fnesinin sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00f6nde geli\u015ftirince, bir m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki telin i\u00e7inden ak\u0131m ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n teli hareket ettirdi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece elektrik ile magnetizma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f. Andre Marie Ampere, Dominique Fran\u00e7ois Arago<\/a>, Georg Simon Ohm, Michael Faraday<\/a><\/strong> gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc bilimciler, bu konudaki bulgular\u0131 gitgide daha da geli\u015ftirmi\u015fler. Elektrik ve magnetizma aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 o zaman i\u00e7in en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karan bilim adam\u0131 ise James Clerk Maxwell<\/strong> olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n M\u0131knat\u0131s kutuplar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kuzey ve g\u00fcney ifadeleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu asl\u0131nda yerk\u00fcrenin manyetik alan\u0131 ile benze\u015fir. Yerk\u00fcreyi bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, Kuzey Kutbu taraf\u0131ndaki manyetik kutup g\u00fcney, G\u00fcney Kutbu taraf\u0131ndaki manyetik kutup ise kuzey olur. Bu tersli\u011fi \u00f6zellikle vurgulayal\u0131m. Kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gidip kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc bulacakt\u0131r. Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nu g\u00f6steren taraf\u0131 pozitif kutup, G\u00fcney Kutbu\u2019na d\u00f6n\u00fck taraf\u0131 ise negatif kutup olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Z\u0131t kutuplar birbirini \u00e7ekerken, ayn\u0131 kutuplar itme e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n Elimize bir \u00e7ubuk m\u0131knat\u0131s al\u0131p onu bir \u015fekilde ikiye b\u00f6lebilirsek, ayr\u0131 iki m\u0131knat\u0131s elde ederiz ve onun da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kutuplar\u0131 olur. Bu iki kutbun \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc de birbirine e\u015fit. Zaten kutup dedi\u011fimiz k\u0131s\u0131mlar, atomlar\u0131n diziliminden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, manyetik alan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu yerler.<\/p>\n Bilimsel ad\u0131 manyetit olan do\u011fal m\u0131knat\u0131s, kristal yap\u0131l\u0131 bir demir cevheridir. Manyetik kutup \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan nikel, kobalt gibi \u00f6zel maddeler \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekilde bildi\u011fimiz m\u0131knat\u0131s haline getirilebilir: Var olan bir m\u0131knat\u0131s ile temas ettirilebilir veya yerk\u00fcrenin manyetik meridyenine paralel bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilip sert bir darbe uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn maddeler, proton, n\u00f6tron, elektron gibi par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015fur. Bunlar en basit ifadeyle kendi kendilerine d\u00f6nerler ve bu da onlara bir manyetik alan g\u00fcc\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu mant\u0131kla, t\u00fcm maddelerin manyetik olmas\u0131 gerekir ama g\u00fc\u00e7leri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun sebebi de par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n dizilimidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin e\u011fer par\u00e7ac\u0131klar \u00e7ok s\u0131k dizilmi\u015fse, her biri bir di\u011ferinin manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. M\u0131knat\u0131sta bu dizilim en y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekimi olu\u015fturacak bi\u00e7imdedir.<\/p>\n Elektronlar manyetik alan olu\u015fturma i\u015finde \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir atom i\u00e7inde, elektronlar y\u00f6r\u00fcngelere dizilmi\u015f \u00e7iftler halinde ya da tek tek bulunabilir. \u00c7ift halinde iseler, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6nleri birbirine terstir. Baz\u0131 atomlarda da \u00e7ift olmayan elektronlar bulunur. T\u00fcm m\u0131knat\u0131slar \u00e7ift olmayan elektronlara sahiptir ama \u00e7ift elektronlu t\u00fcm atomlar manyetik olmayabilir.<\/p>\n Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s yapmak i\u00e7in yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok ince kablolar ham demire sar\u0131l\u0131r ve kablolardan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irilir. Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 kesildi\u011finde, m\u0131knat\u0131s \u00f6zelli\u011fi de kaybolur. Manyetik alanlar, elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131 sayesinde olu\u015fur. Ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan tek bir telin \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc az olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bobin denen makara etraf\u0131na bir \u00e7ok tel sar\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7ekim alan\u0131 b\u00f6ylece g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilir.<\/p>\n M\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca yerlere bakacak olursak, pusula, bildi\u011fimiz VHS videolar, kasetler, bilgisayarlar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki floppy diskler ve hard diskler, kredi ve ATM kartlar\u0131, televizyon <\/a>ve bilgisayar <\/a>monit\u00f6rleri, kap\u0131 zili, hoparl\u00f6r ve mikrofonlar, elektrikli motor ve jenerat\u00f6rler, transformat\u00f6rler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Diki\u015f makinelerini de unutmayal\u0131m; yere sa\u00e7\u0131lan bin tane toplu i\u011fneyi en ufak hasarla toplaman\u0131n tek yolu m\u0131knat\u0131s de\u011filse nedir? Bir de buzdolab\u0131 kapaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcsler var tabii.<\/p>\n E\u011fer can\u0131n\u0131z bir m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131 bozmak istiyorsa, \u00e7ok fazla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131n, m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131 birbirine vurun ya da m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131r bir \u015feyle darbeler indirin. Can\u0131n\u0131z k\u0131ymetli elektronik cihazlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bozmak istiyorsa da yanlar\u0131na bolca m\u0131knat\u0131s yerle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Demir, nikel, \u00e7elik gibi baz\u0131 metalleri kendine \u00e7eken, bunu da manyetik kutup \u00f6zelli\u011fi sayesinde yapabilen maddeye m\u0131knat\u0131s denmi\u015f. Manyetik alana sahip materyale m\u0131knat\u0131s denir yani. O da \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir metaldir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2775,2777,2778,2538,1394,627],"class_list":["post-1071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-andre-marie-ampere","tag-dominique-francois-arago","tag-georg-simon-ohm","tag-james-clerk-maxwell","tag-michael-faraday","tag-miknatis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1071"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12227,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions\/12227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Elektrik ve Magnetizma<\/h2>\n
Do\u011fal M\u0131knat\u0131s<\/h2>\n
M\u0131knat\u0131sla ilgili di\u011fer baz\u0131 bilgiler<\/h2>\n