{"id":10723,"date":"2018-01-03T22:16:04","date_gmt":"2018-01-03T20:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10723"},"modified":"2018-03-08T12:22:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T10:22:56","slug":"icatlar-c-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=10723","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye \u0130catlar – \u00c7 harfi ile ba\u015flayan icatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7apraz Bulmaca<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir kelime oyunu olan \u00e7apraz bulmaca, 1913’te Arthur Wynne taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Arthur Wynne, Liverpool, \u0130ngiltere’de do\u011fan bir gazeteci idi. Wynne, New York D\u00fcnyas\u0131 adl\u0131 ABD gazetesine haftal\u0131k bir bulmaca yapt\u0131. Wynne’in ilk \u00e7apraz bulmacas\u0131, 21 Aral\u0131k 1913 Pazar New York D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan elmas \u015feklindeki bir bulmacayd\u0131. \u0130ngilterede ilk \u00e7apraz bulmaca \u015eubat 1922’de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; Pearson’s Magazine’de yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7engelli \u0130\u011fne<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7engelli i\u011fne veya kilitli i\u011fne Walter Hunt taraf\u0131ndan 1849’da icat edildi. Hunt icad\u0131na 10 Nisan 1849’da patent ald\u0131 (patent No. 6,281). Hunt’\u0131n i\u011fnesi bir tel uzunlamas\u0131na b\u00fck\u00fclerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hunt, 15 dolar borcu \u00f6demek i\u00e7in \u00e7engelli i\u011fneyi icat etti, sonunda patentini 400 dolara satt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r Makinesi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r makinesi pamu\u011fu tohumlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak temizleyen bir makinedir. Bu cihaz pamuk end\u00fcstrisinde devrim yapt\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce, bu s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 i\u015f iki tarak kullan\u0131larak elle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Eli Whitney (1765-1825), \u00e7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r makinesini icat eden Amerikal\u0131 bir mucit ve m\u00fchendisti; 14 Mart 1794’te makinesine patent ald\u0131. \u00c7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r makinesi, G\u00fcney Amerika’da bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi zengin etti. Ancak pamuk i\u015fleme fabrikas\u0131 sahipleri nadiren bulu\u015fun kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in Whitney’e \u00f6deme yapt\u0131lar. \u00c7o\u011fundan para alamay\u0131nca pamuk i\u015fini tamamen b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk Felci A\u015f\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Jonas Salk taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Jonas Salk (1914-1995), y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k \u00e7ocuk felci mikrobuna kar\u015f\u0131 bir a\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 doktordur. \u00c7ocuk felci olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan poliomyelit, 1940’lar ve 1950’lerde d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yay\u0131lan bir salg\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda binlerce \u00e7ocu\u011fu sakat b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her 5.000 ki\u015fiden (\u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7ocuklar) birinin \u00e7ocuk felcine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Baz\u0131 kurbanlar tamamen fel\u00e7 olmu\u015f ve demir akci\u011ferler (Iron Lungs)\u00a0ile (hastan\u0131n nefes almas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir aparat) ya\u015famalar\u0131 gerekiyordu. Pittsburgh \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi’nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Salk 1947’de a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. A\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen polio vir\u00fcs\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilerek yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok denemesinden sonra a\u015f\u0131 halka a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk felci salg\u0131n\u0131na son verdi. Salk, “\u0130nsan A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131” (1972), “En Fazla Hayatta Kalma” (1973), “D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfus ve \u0130nsan De\u011ferleri: Yeni Bir Ger\u00e7ek” (1981) ve “Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin Anatomisi” (1983) kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Salk \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde AIDS vir\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in bir a\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7apraz Bulmaca Bir kelime oyunu olan \u00e7apraz bulmaca, 1913’te Arthur Wynne taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Arthur Wynne, Liverpool, \u0130ngiltere’de do\u011fan bir gazeteci idi. Wynne, New York D\u00fcnyas\u0131 adl\u0131 ABD gazetesine haftal\u0131k…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icatlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10723"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11096,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723\/revisions\/11096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}