\u0130nsano\u011flu, asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri olan Pi<\/strong> say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Y\u0131llarca tam olarak bir de\u011fer bulamamakla beraber, ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferine en yak\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetmi\u015flerdir. K\u0131saca bir dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran\u0131, Pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 verir. Pi’nin kronolojik geli\u015fimine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi tam bir sonu\u00e7 bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli form\u00fcller \u00fcretilmesine ra\u011fmen sadece her seferinde ger\u00e7ek de\u011fere biraz daha yakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Herkes pi’nin de\u011ferinin 3.14 oldu\u011funu bilmektedir. Ama neden geldi\u011fini bilen yok gibi.\u00a0Asl\u0131nda bu oran do\u011fadan geldi, her zaman vard\u0131 ve ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekliyordu. Tekerle\u011fin icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bile insanlar daire denen \u015fekli farkettiler ve \u00e7ap\u0131 ile \u00e7evresi aras\u0131nda bir ilgi oldu\u011funu buldular.<\/p>\n Pi G\u00fcn\u00fc \u015ferefine pi’nin 3.14 (1592653589793238462643383279502884197169 … vb.) nas\u0131l bilinmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir yaz\u0131 bu.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n M.\u00d6. 2550 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Pi Say\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakat kimin tam olarak, ilk \u00f6nce bir dairenin \u00e7evresiyle \u00e7ap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sabit oran\u0131 buldu\u011funu saptamak zor.<\/p>\n Giza’daki B\u00fcy\u00fck Piramit, M.\u00d6. 2550 ile 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. 1760 ar\u015felik bir \u00e7evreye ve 280 ar\u015felik bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahiptir. Bu da 1760\/280 oran\u0131nda ya da yakla\u015f\u0131k Pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131na e\u015fittir. (Bir k\u00fcbit yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 in\u00e7tir ve bir ki\u015finin \u00f6n kol boyu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu nedenle bir ki\u015fiden di\u011ferine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.) M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar bu orant\u0131lar\u0131n sembolik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 se\u00e7ildi\u011fine inan\u0131yorlar ancak asla emin olamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n Pi’nin en eski metinsel kan\u0131tlar\u0131 M.\u00d6. 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor; hem Babilliler hem de M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu de\u011fer konusunda kabaca bir fikri vard\u0131. Babiller, pi’nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 25\/8 (3.125) oldu\u011fu ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 256\/81 (3.16) oldu\u011fu tahmininde bulundu.<\/p>\n Ar\u015fimet<\/strong> <\/a>(M.\u00d6. 287-212), pi de\u011ferinin do\u011fru bir tahmin ile hesaplayan ilk ki\u015fi olarak kabul edilir. Bunu, iki poligonun alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bularak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Ar\u015fimet pi’nin tam de\u011ferini hesaplayamasa da \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir de\u011fer buldu. 3.1408 ile 3.14285 aras\u0131nda bir de\u011fer elde etmek i\u00e7in 96 kenarl\u0131 bir poligon kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Pi say\u0131s\u0131 M.\u00d6. 20 yy kadar insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yunan alfabesindeki 13. Harf olan pi<\/strong> harfi \u00fcnl\u00fc matematik\u00e7i Leonhard EULER<\/a>‘<\/strong>in kullanmas\u0131 ile populer hale geldi.\u00a0Matemati\u011fe olan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, Euler<\/strong>; Pi Say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ismini veren ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n Dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na olan oran\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu farkeden insano\u011flu bu say\u0131y\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz ana geli\u015fmelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli zamanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli pi say\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131, tabi o zaman kullan\u0131lan bu say\u0131 bir \u00e7evre \u00e7ap oran\u0131 idi, pi say\u0131s\u0131 hen\u00fcz terminolojik olarak yoktu.<\/p>\n Babilliler : 3 1\/8<\/strong> Lazzarini 3.1415929<\/strong> Taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle farkl\u0131 de\u011ferde kullan\u0131lan pi say\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l bir say\u0131d\u0131r. Pi say\u0131s\u0131 m ve n bir tamsay\u0131 olarak kabul edildi\u011finde m\/n \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lamayan bir say\u0131d\u0131r yani irrasyoneldir. Pi say\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir cebirsel say\u0131 de\u011fildir. Yani bir cebirsel denklemin k\u00f6k\u00fc de\u011fildir. \u0130rrasyonel baz\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131n cebirsel oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa karek\u00f6k 2 gibi Pi say\u0131s\u0131 cebirsel olmayan bir irrasyonel say\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle say\u0131lara \u2018 A\u015fk\u0131n \u2018 ad\u0131 verilir ilk kez Euler taraf\u0131ndan Pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Pi say\u0131s\u0131 ( Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda yakla\u015f\u0131k de\u011feri 3 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen pi say\u0131s\u0131\u00a0bir dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na olan oran\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n Ar\u015fimet<\/strong>\u00a0pi i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k bir say\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7ok istekli idi.\u00a0Bu de\u011ferin 3 1\/7 ile 3 10\/71 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.\u00a0Daha sonra pek \u00e7ok matematik\u00e7i pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in daha yak\u0131n de\u011fer bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Wallis<\/strong> (1616 -1703 ) pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren\u00a0p 2n .2n\u00a0=\u00a02 (2n-1).(2n-1)\u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n Gregory<\/strong> (1638 -1676) pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in sonsuz terimli bir\u00a0seri ortaya koydu.\u00a0p\/4 = 1-1\/3 +1\/5-1\/7+1\/9-1\/11+…..<\/p>\nPi Say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kim ke\u015ffetti?<\/h3>\n
Pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ilk kullanan uygarl\u0131klar;<\/h3>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar : (16\/9)^2 =3.1605<\/strong>
\n\u00c7inliler: 3<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nBatlamyus :377\/120<\/strong>
\nFibonacci :3.141818<\/strong><\/p>\nPi Say\u0131s\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n
), bir dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile elde edilen irrasyonel matematik sabiti. \u0130smini, Yunanca\u00a0(\u00e7evre)<\/i> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk harfi olan \u03c0 den al\u0131r. Pi say\u0131s\u0131, Ar\u015fimet<\/strong><\/a> sabiti ve Ludolph<\/strong> say\u0131s\u0131 olarak da bilinir<\/p>\n