D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck markalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 karanl\u0131k ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar yapt\u0131lar. \u00a0Toplumun ve siyasi iradenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmek i\u00e7in i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve karanl\u0131k y\u00f6nlerinden sonuna kadar faydaland\u0131lar. \u0130\u015fte Amerikal\u0131 yazar Matt McNabb “A Secret History of Brands: The Dark and Twisted Beginnings of the Brand Names We Know and Love” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Coca Cola, Ford, Hugo Boss, Kellogs, Coco Chanel, Bayer, Adidas ve Puma gibi markalar\u0131n karanl\u0131k, \u00e7arp\u0131k ve gizli tarihini anlatm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Coca-Cola ilk olarak “cinsel canland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131” olarak kokainle \u00fcretildi ve pazarland\u0131. Pazarlama\u00a0 stratejisinde \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tam\u0131nlarken “zihinsel, fiziksel yorgunluk ve b\u00f6brek ve karaci\u011fer sorunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tedavi edici bir iksir” tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu.\u00a0Coca-Cola ilk olarak ‘kokain’ ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve “cinsel organlar\u0131n en harika canland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131” slogan\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu<\/p>\n
John ‘Doc’ Pemberton 1880’lerde \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f Konfederasyonu’nda asker olarak hizmet ederken g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden derin bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 yaras\u0131 ald\u0131. Kendisine ac\u0131y\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemin standart a\u011fr\u0131 kesicisi olan morfin verildi. Fakat morfin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapan bir maddeydi. O g\u00fcnden sonra kendi kendine sadece ac\u0131y\u0131 kesmekle kalmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda morfin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da sona erdirecek mucize bir i\u00e7ecek \u00fcretme s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi.<\/p>\n
Georgia, Columbus’daki Pemberton’un \u0130la\u00e7 ve Kimya Evi ad\u0131ndaki eczanesinde, French Coca Wine’\u0131 (Frans\u0131z Kokain \u015earab\u0131) \u00fcretti.\u00a0\u00dcretti\u011fi i\u00e7ecek i\u00e7in, “d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en muhte\u015fem sinir toni\u011fi”, “sizi rahats\u0131z edecek, her\u015feyden kurtulman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar, en \u00fcnl\u00fc t\u0131p adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi ve onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 neredeyse her \u015fey i\u00e7in bir tedavi” oldu\u011funu iddia ediyordu.<\/p>\n
O zamanlar Y\u0131lan ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri piyasada olduk\u00e7a fazlayd\u0131. Pemberton \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bir y\u0131lan ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc gibi pazarlad\u0131. ‘Bu i\u00e7ki, zihinsel ve fiziksel yorgunlu\u011fun, kronik ve zay\u0131flatan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, dispepsi, b\u00f6brek ve karaci\u011fer sorunlar\u0131, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, melankoli, histeri, nevralji, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, bo\u011faz ve akci\u011fer sorunlar\u0131, uykusuzluk, umutsuzluk ve hatta t\u00fcm yorgun duygular\u0131 tedavi eder” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu.\u00a0Pemberton, o zamanlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc para ile 20 $ ‘a denk gelen, \u015fi\u015fesini 1.00 dolara Coca-Cola sat\u0131yordu.\u00a0Ger\u00e7ekte, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kisi kola f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, damiana, koka ve alkol i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n
Kola f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 kafeinin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, Damiana, endi\u015feye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia edilen kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr, do\u011fal koka ve koka yapraklar\u0131 kimyasal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le ekstrakte edildi\u011finde kokainin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddedir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Pemberton’un iddia etti\u011finin aksine i\u00e7ece\u011fi horlamay\u0131 artt\u0131rma ve cinsel uyar\u0131lmay\u0131 azaltma gibi yan etkiler g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Tepkiler \u00fczerine Atlanta’ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Orada Frank Robinson ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Atlanta’daki i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131ndan sonra May\u0131s 1886’da\u00a0Frank Robinson’un katk\u0131lar\u0131yla\u00a0 alkols\u00fcz olarak ilk kola \u00fcretildi.\u00a0Robinson, bu yeni \u00fcr\u00fcne Coca-Cola ad\u0131n\u0131 vererek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn gazl\u0131 i\u00e7ecek lideri olan coca colay\u0131 pazarlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Pemberton ise halen morfin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131 ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 alabilmek i\u00e7in patent haklar\u0131n\u0131 Asa Candler’e satmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Candler \u015fu anda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir numaral\u0131 i\u00e7ece\u011fi olan coca colay\u0131 pazarlamak i\u00e7in agresif y\u00f6ntemler kulland\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar kokain hammaddesi i\u00e7ecekten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n
Jones-Miller Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n 1922’de ABD’ye kokain ithalat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131ktan sonra sadece Coca-Cola i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir muafiyet getirdi. Bu g\u00fcn firma halen Coca-Cola’n\u0131n herhangi bir zamanda kokain i\u00e7erdi\u011fine dair t\u00fcm iddialar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a reddediyor.<\/p>\n
Hugo Boss<\/h3>\n
Almanya’daki pek \u00e7ok \u00fcretici, i\u015flerini devam ettirebilmek i\u00e7in Nazilere \u00fcniforma ve silah yapt\u0131lar. Fakat Hugo F. Boss Nazi partisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7ilerinden biriydi. \u0130dealleri birbiriyle uyu\u015fuyordu ve \u015firketi \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Nazi birlikleri ve Gestapo i\u00e7in \u00fcniformalar \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n
Boss, 1930’lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan 1942 lere kadar, \u00fcreticilerin zarar etmemek i\u00e7in maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde y\u00fcksek karlar elde etti.\u00a0Hugo Boss sadece Nazi partisinin gururlu ve aktif bir \u00fcyesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgesel Nazi lideri Georg Rath ile de iyi arkada\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015ftan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce i\u00e7eriden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilerle, kahverengi g\u00f6mlekleri, SS i\u00e7in siyah \u00fcniformalar\u0131 ve Hitler Gen\u00e7lik \u00dcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise\u00a0140 i\u015f\u00e7iyi ve 40 Frans\u0131z sava\u015f esirini Metzingen kasabas\u0131nda \u00e7ok az yiyecek ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda bir kamp i\u00e7inde zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra Boss’un karanl\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015finden rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duyan\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fc moda \u015firketi tarihi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131.\u00a0Boss’un korkun\u00e7 inan\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, zarar veya s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekenler i\u00e7in derin \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duydu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in \u00f6z\u00fcr metinleri yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ford<\/h3>\n
Ford Motor Company’in kurucusu Henry Ford, 1926’ya kadar 8 milyondan fazla otomobilin yollara \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir m\u00fchendislik dehas\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar\u0131n otomobil kullanarak daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve rahat bir hayat sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken, anti-Semitik inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan zengin insanlara a\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Ford, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ideal bir Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmalar\u0131 konusunda zorlamalar yapt\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaya tak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Hatta bu y\u00f6nde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ki\u015fisel ev hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 denetleyen, eki k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden vazge\u00e7melerine zorlayan Ford Sosyoloji Departman\u0131’n\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in Ford, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ve ortaklar\u0131ndan, fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na sadece kendisinin karar vermesi gerekti\u011fi ile ilgili tam yetki istedi.<\/p>\n
Eski bir donanma askeri Harry Bennett’i ve silahl\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131 fabrikalar\u0131 denetlemek i\u00e7in kiralad\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na psikolojik bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131.\u00a0Ford ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131lk y\u0131llar\u0131nda giderek paranoyakla\u015ft\u0131. Yahudilerin kendisine zulmetti\u011fi konusunda \u0131srar etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Michigan, Dearborn’da\u00a0haftal\u0131k olarak \u00f6\u0131kan yerel bir gazete sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Yahudi kontrol\u00fc ve manip\u00fclasyonu konusunda geni\u015f ve gizli bir\u00a0 yaz\u0131 dizisi yay\u0131nlad\u0131.\u00a0Yaz\u0131lar 7000’den falza bayide 700.000 ki\u015fiye ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Sonra t\u00fcm bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir kitapta toplad\u0131.\u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ka\u00e7ak avlanma, caz m\u00fczi\u011fi ve hatta Bol\u015fevik Devrimi gibi olaylardan Yahudileri sorumlu tuttu.\u00a0Ford, yahudilerin Amerika’n\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irece\u011fini ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fcremek isteyen efsanevi bir uluslararas\u0131 Yahudi komplosundan bile bahsetti.\u00a0Bu anti-Semitik s\u00f6ylemler, Ford’u ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6d\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve masas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir portresi bulunan Hitler’e bile ula\u015ft\u0131. Hitleri’in deste\u011fiyle\u00a0Ford, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Hamburg’da otomobil par\u00e7alar\u0131 imal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve daha sonra Berlin’de Model T’yi \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
1938’de Ford, Nazi partisinin bir yabanc\u0131ya vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feref olan Alman Kartal\u0131’n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Ha\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0Almanya’daki Ford fabrikas\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 boyunca Hitler’in askeri kuvvetleri i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar ve silahlar \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n
Henry Ford \u00fc\u00e7kere beyin kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi ve 83 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. O\u011flu Henry Ford II 1947’de \u015firketin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131. tarih boyunca herkes Henry ford’un kurnaz, ac\u0131mas\u0131z ve zorlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in parlak bir adam oldu\u011funu iddia ettiler. Ancak dehas\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131nda yetersiz e\u011fitimli bir \u00e7iftlik \u00e7ocu\u011fu idi. Neredeyse okuma yazma bilmeyen ve \u00e7arp\u0131k felsefelerle dolu bir insand\u0131. Bu durumu onu bazen insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalara y\u00f6neltti.<\/p>\n
Adidas ve Puma<\/h3>\n
Micahel Owens, tak\u0131m ABD i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt alt\u0131n madalya getirdi\u011finde\u00a0Hitler’in ba\u015f mimar\u0131 olan Albert Speer, 13936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya’da yap\u0131lan olimpiyatklarda siyahi renkli Amerikal\u0131 ko\u015fucunun ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z oldu\u011funu dile getirdi.\u00a0‘Ormandan gelen insanlar, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fizikleri var, bu nedenle gelecekteki olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 yasaklanmal\u0131’ diye belirtti.<\/p>\n
Aral\u0131k 1943’te sava\u015f\u0131n geni\u015flemesi ile Hitler, sivil hayat i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan fabrikalar\u0131 askeri imalat i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Dassler fabrikas\u0131 art\u0131k spor ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131 yapmak yerine, Nazi askerleri i\u00e7in bot ve ve Panzerschreck bazukas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen silahlar\u0131 \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Rudolf Gestapo’ya kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna kadar g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Karde\u015fi Adi ise orduda yaln\u0131zca bir y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Sonunda Rudolf kendini bir Amerikan toplama kamp\u0131nda buldu. Karde\u015fi Adi’nin Amerikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in basketbol ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheleniyordu. Bu \u015f\u00fcphe\u00a0hayat boyu s\u00fcren bir kine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve karde\u015fleri birbirinden ay\u0131rd\u0131. Almanya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck spor ayakkab\u0131 \u00fcreten \u015firketi b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine yo a\u00e7t\u0131. Adi “Adidas” markas\u0131n\u0131, Rudolf ise ” Puma” markas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n
Coco Chanel<\/h3>\n
\u00dcnl\u00fc Frans\u0131z haute couture tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel, yaln\u0131zca iddial\u0131 bir i\u015f kad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda korkun\u00e7, bir Nazi sempatizan\u0131 ve nihayetinde bir Nazi casusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Annesi \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131k\u0131yordu, babas\u0131 ise sokak sokak dola\u015fan bir sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Coco ise fakirlikten dolay\u0131 bir hay\u0131r kurumunda do\u011fmu\u015ftu.\u00a012 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde annesi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Annesi \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra Chanel, 18 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir yetimhaneye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Burada g\u00f6revli\u00a0rahibelerden diki\u015f\u00a0 yapmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi ve kaderi sonsuza kadar de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Sesi g\u00fczeldi, utanga\u00e7 ve evli de\u011fildi. Fransa’da bekar bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla para kazanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Bu nedenle bir gece kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde Coco ad\u0131yla \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Gen\u00e7 bir Frans\u0131z sosyalisti, o zaman\u0131n zengin ve bir \u00e7ok metresi olan zenginve sayg\u0131n Etienne Balsan ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede zengin \u00e7apk\u0131nlar\u0131n bir numaral\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n
Sevgilileri sayesinde edindi\u011fi \u00e7evre ile Coco, kendi moda imparatorlu\u011funu kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollywood’da st\u00fcdyo y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 l\u00fcks \u015fapkalar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Chanel No. 5 parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n
May\u0131s 1940’da Alman kuvvetleri Fransa’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etti\u011fikten sonra bir ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Fransan\u0131n kuzeyinde Naziler taraf\u0131ndan, Vichy rejimi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir anti-Semitik y\u00f6netim sistemi kuruldu.\u00a0Coco, Yahudi m\u00fclkiyetindeki i\u015fletmelerin Nazi organizasyonuna ge\u00e7mesi ile bir \u015fans yakalad\u0131.\u00a0Chanel No. 5 tan\u0131tmak ve satmak i\u00e7in mali deste\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131.\u00a0\u00dcnl\u00fc yahudi ailesi Wertheimer ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu.Onlara\u00a0yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan zulme kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu hissettirdi.\u00a0 Sonunda\u00a0Wertheimers’a %70, komisyonculara % 20 ve Chanel lisans\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisine % 10’luk bir hisse kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma koparmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Chanel, Nazilere Chanel Parf\u00fcmlerin tam sahipli\u011fini isteyen bir mektup yazd\u0131.\u00a0O s\u0131rada, Hotel Ritzde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130ste\u011finin kabul edlmesi i\u00e7im 1933’te Paris’teki Alman B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi’ne ata\u015fe olan Baron Hans Gunther von Dincklage ile yata\u011fa girdi.<\/p>\n
Yak\u0131n zamanda gizlilik derecesinde olan Frans\u0131z istihbarat belgeleri Coco’ nun Nazilere olan ilgisinin yan\u0131nda,\u00a0onun y\u00fckseli\u015finde naziler i\u00e7in \u00fcstlendi\u011fi gizli g\u00f6revleri oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur.\u00a0Frans\u0131z Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar\u015fivinde bulunan kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re Chanel, Westminster D\u00fck\u00fc’yle olan ili\u015fkisinden \u00f6nce belirlenmi\u015f olan ‘Westminster’ kod ad\u0131n\u0131 ve\u00a0F-7124\u00a0kod numaras\u0131n\u0131\u00a0kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Chanel genel olarak herhangi bir anti-Semitik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ta\u015f\u0131masa da “kurnaz bir oport\u00fcnist” dir.<\/p>\n
Coco Chanel 1971’de Ritz Oteli’nde 87 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Bayer<\/h3>\n
Bayer AG \u015firketi 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya Barmen’de kuruldu.\u00a0Arthur Eichengrun’e g\u00f6re\u00a0 Hoffman ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapan kodeine bir alternatif arararken eroini bulmu\u015ftur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bayer, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda eroinin ticarile\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Bayer, morfin ve kodeine alternatif t\u0131bbi alternatif olarak \u00fcretti\u011fi eroin ile piyasaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bayer, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda eroinin ticarile\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Eroin, Bayer taraf\u0131ndan kodeinden 10 kat daha etkili ve birka\u00e7 yan etkisisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her hangi bir yan etkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0iddialar\u0131yla \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck i\u00e7in mucize bir tedavi olarak lanse edildi. 1898’de “Muhte\u015fem \u0130la\u00e7” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda pazarlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0\u0130la\u00e7, a\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcberk\u00fcloza, pn\u00f6moniden bo\u011fmacaya kadar t\u00fcm hastal\u0131klardan korkan anne ve babalar i\u00e7in slogan\u0131 ile pazarland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u015eirket ayr\u0131ca, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hitler’le birlikte i\u015f hayat\u0131na giren ila\u00e7 \u015firketi IG Farben’in orta\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0IG Farben, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30.000 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Auschwitz yak\u0131n\u0131nda fabrika kurmu\u015ftur. Auschwitz’deki mahkumlar\u0131 ila\u00e7 \u00fcretiminde kullanmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretti\u011fi ila\u00e7lar\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in de kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bayer firmas\u0131 neredeyse her devirde tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve korkunun tarihindekendisine yer kendine edindi.\u00a0\u015eirket, her y\u0131l milyonlarca ki\u015finin zehirlenmesinden sorumu tutulan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminin durdurlmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bayer-Dangers koalisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ile zor duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hatta pop\u00fcler do\u011fum kontrol ilac\u0131 Yaz \/ Yasmin’in i\u00e7inde emboli riskini art\u0131ran drospirenon maddesi tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
Kellogs<\/h3>\n
John Harvey Kellogg ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi Will Keith ile birlikte saf ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli olan temel besin maddesi olarak Corn Flakes’i buldular.\u00a0Kellogs’un arkas\u0131ndaki adam olan Dr. John Harvey Kellogg\u00a0 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel ili\u015fkiden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan, Yedinci G\u00fcn Adventist Kilisesinin fanatik takip\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Michigan’daki Battle Creek Adventists Western Health Reform Institute’\u0131 devrald\u0131 ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Battle Creek Sanatoryumu olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.\u00a0Burada elektroterapi egzersiz yata\u011f\u0131 ve medikal bir dayak-masaj makinesi gibi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 t\u0131bbi cihazlar icat etti.<\/p>\n
Sanatoryumunda cinselli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 kabul edilemez tedavi uygulamalar yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 cinsellikten uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kad\u0131n hastalar\u0131n \u00f6zel bilgelerine\u00a0 karbolik asit uygulamas\u0131 ve elektro-\u015fok y\u00f6nteleri uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck markalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 karanl\u0131k ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar yapt\u0131lar. \u00a0Toplumun ve siyasi iradenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmek i\u00e7in i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve karanl\u0131k y\u00f6nlerinden sonuna kadar faydaland\u0131lar. \u0130\u015fte Amerikal\u0131 yazar Matt McNabb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-markalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11068"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11080,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11068\/revisions\/11080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}