{"id":1108,"date":"2011-01-09T14:42:08","date_gmt":"2011-01-09T12:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1108"},"modified":"2018-03-10T00:56:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T22:56:03","slug":"ayakkabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1108","title":{"rendered":"Ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayakkab\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131, ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 kim icat etti?<\/h2>\n

Tarihte ilk ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 kim yapm\u0131\u015f, kim giymi\u015f tam olarak bilinmiyor. \u0130lk ayakkab\u0131 ustas\u0131 Avlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvan\u0131n derisini aya\u011f\u0131na sarmay\u0131 ak\u0131l etmi\u015f bir yontma ta\u015f insan\u0131 da olabilir, emin olmak i\u00e7in yeterli kan\u0131t bulunmamaktad\u0131r. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan’daki Areni-1 Ma\u011faras\u0131’nda tam bir ayakkab\u0131 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0taban\u0131 olmayan, yumu\u015fak deriden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mokasen tipi bu ayakkab\u0131 5500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine aittir.<\/p>\n

\"ilk-ayakkabi\"<\/p>\n

\u0130lk medeniyetlerin \u00e7o\u011funda en yayg\u0131n ayakkab\u0131lar sandaletlerdi, ancak birka\u00e7 erken k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ayakkab\u0131 vard\u0131. Mezopotamya’da (M.\u00d6. 1600-1200) \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015fayan da\u011f halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir t\u00fcr yumu\u015fak ayakkab\u0131 giyildi\u011fi biliniyor. Yumu\u015fak ayakkab\u0131 mokasenlere benzer \u015fekilde sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f deriden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1850 lerin sonuna kadar, ayakkab\u0131lar, sa\u011f ve sol aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fark olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kesinlikle d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Ayakkab\u0131 ustas\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren ilk toplumun M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar oldu\u011fu biliniyor. M.\u00d6. 3500’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u0131slak kuma basarak ayak kal\u0131b\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya, bu kal\u0131plar\u0131 kurutarak sandalet yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullanmaya ba\u015flayan onlard\u0131. Papir\u00fcs yapraklar\u0131ndan elde edilen malzeme sandalet yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Tabii zamanla i\u015fin \u015fatafat k\u0131sm\u0131 devreye girdi ve derilerle, s\u00fcsl\u00fc ta\u015flarla bezeli sandaletler ayaklar\u0131 s\u00fcsler oldu.<\/p>\n

Roma askerleri dedik ya onlar deri sandaletlerini giyerken, imparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131nda alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ayakkab\u0131da s\u00fcsl\u00fc p\u00fcsl\u00fc materyalleri ilk kullanan millet Yunanl\u0131lar oldu yani. Asya ve Avrupa’da giderek yay\u0131lan ayakkab\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

R\u00f6nesans devrinin belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda da mucit olan Leonardo da Vinci, anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor makineler tasarlamaktan s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak ki ayakkab\u0131ya y\u00fcksek topuk eklenebilece\u011fini ak\u0131l etti. S\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Floransa’daki pek \u00fcnl\u00fc ve soylu bir ailenin k\u0131sa boylu k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ihti\u015faml\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcnde g\u00f6zlerden kaybolmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in buldu bu \u00e7areyi. Tabii b\u00f6yle dikkat \u00e7ekici bir giyece\u011fi hemen di\u011fer kad\u0131nlar da taklit etmek istedi ve topuklu ayakkab\u0131lar g\u00f6steri\u015fin ve \u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n simgesi olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gelelim daha yak\u0131n zamanlara…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"ayakkabinin-icadi\"<\/p>\n

Tabii ki modan\u0131n kalbinin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fransa’n\u0131n bu i\u015fe de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015f olmas\u0131 gayet do\u011fal. Bu d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Paris’ten el yap\u0131m\u0131 ayakkab\u0131lar almalar\u0131 \u00e7ok modayd\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nce erkekler daha \u00e7ok \u00e7izme giyerken, zamanla kad\u0131nlar da uzun dar \u00e7izmeler giymeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Amerika’da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan ayakkab\u0131 makineleri ile seri \u00fcretim de yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayakkab\u0131 Yap\u0131m Makineleri<\/h3>\n

Jan Ernst Matzeliger, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ayakkab\u0131lar i\u00e7in otomatik bir y\u00f6ntem geli\u015ftirdi ve uygun fiyatl\u0131 ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n seri \u00fcretimini ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lyman Reed Blake, ayakkab\u0131 taban\u0131n\u0131 dikmek i\u00e7in vir diki\u015f makinesi icat etti. 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00f6zel diki\u015f makinesi i\u00e7in patent ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

24 Ocak 1871’de Charles Goodyear Jr diki\u015f botlar\u0131 ve ayakkab\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir makine olan Goodyear Welt i\u00e7in patent ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayakkab\u0131 Ba\u011fc\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Modern ayakkab\u0131 ba\u011fc\u0131\u011f\u0131, dize ve ayakkab\u0131 delikleri ilk kez 27 Mart 1790’da \u0130ngiltere’de icat edildi. Ba\u011fc\u0131klardan \u00f6nce, ayakkab\u0131lar genellikle tokalarla tutturulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Kau\u00e7uk Topuk<\/h3>\n

Ayakkab\u0131lar i\u00e7in ilk kau\u00e7uk topuk, 24 Ocak 1899’da \u0130rlanda-Amerikal\u0131 Humphrey O’Sullivan taraf\u0131ndan patentlendi. Elijah McCoy, kau\u00e7uk topuk i\u00e7indaha iyi bir model geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Plimsolls ad\u0131 verilen ilk kau\u00e7uk tabanl\u0131 ayakkab\u0131lar, 1800’lerin sonlar\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. 1892’de, dokuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kau\u00e7uk imalat \u015firketi, ABD Kau\u00e7uk \u015eirketi’ni olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in birle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda 1840’larda Connecticut’taki Naugatuck’ta d\u00fczenlenen Goodyear Metalik Lastik Ayakkab\u0131 \u015eirketi vard\u0131. Bu \u015firket, Charles Goodyear taraf\u0131ndan icat edilen ve patentlendirilen, vulkanizasyon ad\u0131 verilen yeni bir \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin ilk lisans\u0131yd\u0131. Vulkanizasyon, daha sa\u011flam ve daha kal\u0131c\u0131 bir ba\u011f i\u00e7in kau\u00e7uktan kuma\u015fa veya di\u011fer kau\u00e7uk bile\u015fenlere kaynak yapmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131lan bir sistemdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Spor Ayakkab\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u0130lk kez 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Keds markal\u0131 ayakkab\u0131lar “spor ayakkab\u0131” olarak pazarland\u0131. Bunlar ilk spor ayakkab\u0131lard\u0131. Tamamen kau\u00e7uk tabandan olu\u015fan bu ayakkab\u0131lar i\u00e7in\u00a0reklam ajans\u0131 sahibi Henry Nelson McKinney taraf\u0131ndan “Sneaker” ad\u0131 verildi. Mokasen hari\u00e7 di\u011fer t\u00fcm ayakkab\u0131lar y\u00fcr\u00fcrken g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yordu. 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Stride Rite Corporation Keds markas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zamanla ayak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler artt\u0131k\u00e7a rahat ve ortopedik ayakkab\u0131 \u00fcretimi de h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayakkab\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131, ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 kim icat etti? Tarihte ilk ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 kim yapm\u0131\u015f, kim giymi\u015f tam olarak bilinmiyor. \u0130lk ayakkab\u0131 ustas\u0131 Avlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvan\u0131n derisini aya\u011f\u0131na sarmay\u0131 ak\u0131l etmi\u015f bir yontma ta\u015f insan\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10267,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[651],"class_list":["post-1108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-moda","tag-ayakkabi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1108"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11274,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108\/revisions\/11274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}