Buharl\u0131 makinenin bulunmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, r\u00fczg\u00e2r,\u00a0 su ve hayvan g\u00fcc\u00fc insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetindeydi. Suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011firmenler \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc, ama onlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye yetecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte akarsulardan yoksun olan yerlerde, yelde\u011firmenleri etkin oldu. 1840 y\u0131l\u0131nda,\u00a0 \u0130ngiltere ve Galler’de 10 bin, Hollanda’da ise 7 bin yelde\u011firmeni vard\u0131. Bu ayg\u0131tlardan, un \u00fcretiminde oldu\u011fu kadar, maden\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131nda, su iletiminde ve a\u011f\u0131r cisimlerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da yararlan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, a\u011fa\u00e7 kesmeye yarayan h\u0131zar makinelerini de yelde\u011firmenleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi\u00a0 \u00fcretken hale getiren bulu\u015flar, her zaman memnunlukla kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
1581’de bu enerjiden yararlanmay\u0131 ak\u0131l eden Hollandal\u0131lar,\u00a0 i\u015fsizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7makla su\u00e7land\u0131lar. 1768’de de bir grup i\u015f\u00e7i, r\u00fczg\u00e2r g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir h\u0131zar makinesini par\u00e7alad\u0131. Yelde\u011firmenlerini\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran insanlar, yeni birtak\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7eklerin de do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tah\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek \u00fczere de\u011firmene g\u00f6t\u00fcren herkes, elde\u00a0 edilen unun belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011firmen sahibinin “hak” olarak al\u0131koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Bu hakk\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 saptamak \u00fczere de,\u00a0 de\u011firmenciler belirli hacimlerde \u00f6l\u00e7ekler geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, 1558’de Liverpool y\u00f6resindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011firmencilere, \u00f6l\u00e7eklerini\u00a0 Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131’na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp do\u011fruluk derecelerini kontrol ettirmek zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi. Bunu yapmayanlara belirli para cezalar\u0131\u00a0 uyguland\u0131. Bu uygulama bir anlamda d\u00fcnyada, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve hacim \u00f6l\u00e7en ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n ilk denetimi ve ayarlanmas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. 19.\u00a0 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren, yelde\u011firmenlerinin \u00f6nemlerinde bir azalma ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ama r\u00fczg\u00e2r g\u00fcc\u00fc, yine de bir\u00e7ok alanda insana yararl\u0131 olmaya devam etti. Amerika’- n\u0131n bat\u0131 kesimlerinde, demiryolu \u015firketleri, yel de\u011firmenlerinden lokomotifler i\u00e7in su\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda yararland\u0131lar. Yerliler ise, sulama i\u015flerinde bu ayg\u0131tlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Suyu olmayan pek \u00e7ok k\u0131rsal\u00a0 b\u00f6lgeye, yelde\u011firmenleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla su g\u00f6nderildi. Bug\u00fcn, G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n Karoo b\u00f6lgesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede su\u00a0 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntem i\u015flevini h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Buharl\u0131 makinenin bulunmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, r\u00fczg\u00e2r,\u00a0 su ve hayvan g\u00fcc\u00fc insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetindeydi. Suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011firmenler \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc, ama onlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye yetecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte akarsulardan yoksun olan yerlerde, yelde\u011firmenleri etkin oldu. 1840…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[1202,1201],"class_list":["post-113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim","tag-degirmen","tag-yel-degirmeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=113"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7658,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions\/7658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}