{"id":11376,"date":"2017-03-12T16:53:40","date_gmt":"2017-03-12T14:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=11376"},"modified":"2018-03-12T17:21:14","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T15:21:14","slug":"ekskavatoru-kim-icat-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=11376","title":{"rendered":"Ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc kim icat etti?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ekskavat\u00f6rler uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, hafriyat i\u015flerinin bir numaral\u0131 i\u015f makinesi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a019. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, kablolu ekskavat\u00f6rler\u00a0 hafriyat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk mekanize buharl\u0131 ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc, 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz William S Otis<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Bu icat, hafriyatta \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an geli\u015fmelerden biriydi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk buharl\u0131 kep\u00e7e yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk y\u0131l \u00f6nce 1796 y\u0131l\u0131nda Grimshaw of Boulton & Watt taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Otis’in patentli ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0 ilk kez kuru topra\u011f\u0131 kazmak i\u00e7in mekanize bir vin\u00e7 kolu\u00a0ve ona g\u00fc\u00e7 veren tek bir pistondan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Otis’in ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar in\u015faat ve madencilik end\u00fcstrilerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1930’lara kadar baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle \u00fcretildi.<\/p>\n

\"Otis-buharli-ekskavator\"<\/p>\n

360 derece d\u00f6nemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, zaman i\u00e7inde tren yollar\u0131nda raylara monte edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve demiryolu kep\u00e7elerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bucyrus D\u00f6k\u00fcm ve \u00dcretim \u015eirketi ilk buharl\u0131 ekskavat\u00f6rlerini in\u015fa etti. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, \u0130ngiliz \u015firketi Sir WG Armstrong & Co., en erken kaydedilen hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fcretti. 1884’te\u00a0 \u0130ngiliz \u015firketi Whitaker & Sons taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen ilk tam d\u00f6ner ekskavat\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Minneapolis, Minnesota’daki Kilgore Machine Co., 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fcn patentini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buharl\u0131 ekskavat\u00f6rlerin\u00a0 en \u00fcnl\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri, 1904’te ba\u015flayan Panama Kanal\u0131’n\u0131n kaz\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu.\u00a0Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc te\u015febb\u00fcs i\u00e7in y\u00fcziki adet buharl\u0131 kep\u00e7e kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan 77’si Bucyrus taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve geriye kalan 25 adet Marion Power Shovel Company taraf\u0131ndan tedarik edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1920’lerde \u015firketler, buhardan ziyade benzin ve ya\u011f ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makineler \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve daha fazla hareket kabiliyeti i\u00e7in raylardan ziyade tekerlekler ve paletler monte ettiler. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Otis buharl\u0131 kep\u00e7esinin piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131l sonra, son demiryolu kep\u00e7elerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 sona erdi. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bucyrus 120-B formunda olan ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 ve maden ekskavat\u00f6rlerinin geli\u015fimini g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc, Bucyrus 120-B demiryolu kep\u00e7elerinin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131y\u0131rma kep\u00e7elerini, 360 derece d\u00f6nme yetene\u011fi ile birle\u015ftirerek ekskavat\u00f6r end\u00fcstrisinde devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6rler ondokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lsa da, bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz makinelerden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Bu erken ekskavat\u00f6rler, g\u00fcc\u00fc iletmek i\u00e7in petrol yerine su kulland\u0131lar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldular.<\/p>\n

Sir WG Armstrong & Co.’nun ilk hidrolik kep\u00e7esini \u00fcretmesinden otuz iki y\u0131l sonra, Amerikan makine m\u00fchendisi Frank H Armstrong, benzer bir makineyi test etti. Her iki makine, bir dizi \u00e7arpma kasna\u011f\u0131 kullanan bir hidrolik silindir vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kald\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gradall ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc Ohio’da, Ray ve Koop Ferwerda karde\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi ve 1940’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Hidrolik tahrikli, kamyona monteli teleskopik bom-ekskavat\u00f6r olan Gradall trakt\u00f6r, d\u00f6nen bir platformda iki kiri\u015f ve kiri\u015fleri \u00f6ne ve arkaya do\u011fru hareket ettirmek ve sola veya sa\u011fa do\u011fru e\u011fmek i\u00e7in teleskopik bir silindirden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n

1948’de \u0130talyan karde\u015fler Carlo ve Mario Bruneri prototip olarak tekerlekli ekskavat\u00f6r geli\u015ftirdi. Alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra, Frans\u0131z \u015firketi Society de Industrial Construction of Mechanical Hydraulic Appliances (SICAM) ‘nin patent ve \u00fcretim haklar\u0131n\u0131 satt\u0131lar ve daha sonra Yumbo olarak bilinen S25 ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc in\u015fa ettiler.<\/p>\n

1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ba\u015fka bir Frans\u0131z \u015firketi olan Poclain, bir hidrolik pompa ve silindir kullanan TU hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretti. Ancak, TU tam 360 derece d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemiyordu. Poclain 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk tam d\u00f6ner makine olan TY45’i tan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki farkl\u0131 Armstrong hidrolik kep\u00e7esi, Gradall ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc, S25 Yumbo ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc ve Poclain TU ve TY45 ekskavat\u00f6rleri, end\u00fcstride tam bir devrim i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturdu. 1950’li y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak, hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6rler kablo ekskavat\u00f6rlerinin yerini sadece birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck madencilik ve taraklama uygulamas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r pazar\u0131na daha fazla \u00fcretici kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kablo ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretim nispeten basit olmu\u015ftur. 1960’lar, hidrolik sistemlerin end\u00fcstride ger\u00e7ekten i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar oldu.<\/p>\n

1960 ve 1970’ler boyunca hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6rler boyut ve kullan\u0131m alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam etti ve 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 1950 ve 1960’lar boyunca en b\u00fcy\u00fck Avrupa hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r \u00fcreticilerinden biri olan Poclain, piyasadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck hidrolik ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0EC1000’i \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekskavat\u00f6rler uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, hafriyat i\u015flerinin bir numaral\u0131 i\u015f makinesi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a019. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, kablolu ekskavat\u00f6rler\u00a0 hafriyat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk mekanize buharl\u0131 ekskavat\u00f6r\u00fc, 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11376"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11376"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11379,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11376\/revisions\/11379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}