“Fonograf” ad\u0131 verilen ilk ses kay\u0131t ayg\u0131t\u0131, Thomas Alva Edison taraf\u0131ndan 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirildi. Ayg\u0131t \u00fczerindeki son teknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Edison’un teknisyeni John Kruesi, 6 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc New Jersey’deki West Orange’ m at\u00f6lyesinde tamamlad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, “Mary” n\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kuzusu vard\u0131” adl\u0131 \u015farki pla\u011fa al\u0131nd\u0131. Bilimin son mucizesine ili\u015fkin olarak Scientific American dergisinin 22 Aral\u0131k 1877 g\u00fcnl\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu sat\u0131rlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: “Ge\u00e7enlerde Bay Thomas \u00c2. Edison, b\u00fcromuza geldi. Masam\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ayg\u0131t koydu. Bir kolu \u00e7evirdi ve ayg\u0131ttan \u00e7\u0131kan bir ses, bize sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne alemde oldu\u011funu sordu. Daha sonra da bu ayg\u0131t\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n fonograf oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi ve ‘umar\u0131m be\u011fenmi\u015fsinizdir’ dedi. Ayn\u0131 ses, en sonunda bize iyi geceler diledi. Bu s\u00f6zleri yaln\u0131zca biz de\u011fil, masam\u0131z\u0131n etraf\u0131na toplanan bir d\u00fczineyi a\u015fk\u0131n insan da duydu.” Edison’un konu\u015fan makinesinin seri \u00fcretimine 24 Nisan 1878 g\u00fcn\u00fc, New York’ta ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130lk birka\u00e7 ayg\u0131t\u0131 alan gezginci tan\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131lar, yanlar\u0131ndaki plaklar\u0131 \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gittikleri yerlerde dinlettiler ve kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, komisyon olarak Edison’un \u015firketine \u00f6dediler. Bu komisyon, fonograflarla birlikte verilen plaklar\u0131n kiras\u0131 olarak al\u0131n\u0131yordu. Bu g\u00f6sterilerde, ayr\u0131ca ses kayd\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. New York’ta yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilerden birinde, “Yankee Doodle” adl\u0131 par\u00e7a, Jules Levy taraf\u0131ndan kornetle \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bu ilk enstr\u00fcmanl\u0131 m\u00fczik kayd\u0131 oldu. Evde kullan\u0131labilecek pikaplar\u0131n ilki de, Edison \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10 dolardan piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayg\u0131t\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk heyecandan sonra, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, plaklar\u0131n dayan\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pikab\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha belirginle\u015fti ve pla\u011fa olan ilgi azald\u0131. Edison da kendisini ampul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara vermi\u015fti. Bell ve Tainter taraf\u0131ndan ilk geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f gramofon \u00fcretilinceye kadar da ses kay\u0131t tekni\u011fiyle ilgilenmedi. \u0130ngiltere’de sat\u0131\u015f amac\u0131yla doldurulan plaklardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kalabilenleri, London Phonograph Co. taraf\u0131ndan 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kay\u0131tlard\u0131r. Harry Bluff’un seslendirdi\u011fi komik \u015fark\u0131lar ve baladlardan olu\u015fan bu plaklarda, sanat\u00e7\u0131ya piyanist Edward Hesse e\u015flik ediyordu. Komedi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n krallar\u0131ndan Albert Chevalier, \u00f6zya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde, 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyaret etti\u011fi bir panay\u0131rda,bir pikaptan kendi sesinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fini duyunca hayretler i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Zira, o g\u00fcne dek hi\u00e7 plak doldurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz, o pla\u011f\u0131 dolduran, \u00f6teki bir\u00e7ok yetene\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00f6neminin \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde taklit edebilen Harry Blufft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“Fonograf” ad\u0131 verilen ilk ses kay\u0131t ayg\u0131t\u0131, Thomas Alva Edison taraf\u0131ndan 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirildi. Ayg\u0131t \u00fczerindeki son teknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Edison’un teknisyeni John Kruesi, 6 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc New Jersey’deki West Orange’…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[904,669],"class_list":["post-1159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-muzik","tag-plak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1159"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10573,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159\/revisions\/10573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}