{"id":117,"date":"2011-04-06T03:42:05","date_gmt":"2011-04-06T01:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imaxi.net\/?p=117"},"modified":"2018-10-02T22:10:58","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T20:10:58","slug":"teleskobu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=117","title":{"rendered":"Teleskopu kim buldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teleskop, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli icatlar\u0131ndan biridir. Uzaktaki nesneleri yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131ran ve incelemeye yarayan bu basit cihaz, g\u00f6zlemcilere yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Merakl\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131<\/a> bu tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc d\u00fcrb\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru \u00e7evirdi\u011finde, biz insanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve evrendeki yeri sonsuza dek de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Teleskopu kim icat etti?<\/h2>\n

Gelelim teleskobu kim icat etti<\/strong> sorusuna. Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 bug\u00fcn hala gizemini koruyor. 1500’lerin sonlar\u0131nda cam yap\u0131m\u0131 ve mercek \u00fcretme\u00a0 teknikleri geli\u015ftik\u00e7e, bir ki\u015finin iki lensi bir araya getirerek bir icat yapaca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikar olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hans Lippershey<\/a> (1570 – 1619)<\/h3>\n

\"Hans-Lipperhey\"<\/p>\n

Teleskop i\u00e7in patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan ilk ki\u015fi, Hans Lippershey (veya Lipperhey) ad\u0131nda bir Hollanda g\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00fcreticisi idi. 1608 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Lippershey nesneleri \u00fc\u00e7 kez b\u00fcy\u00fctebilen bir cihaz icat etti\u011fini ve bunun patent haklar\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini iddia etti. Teleskopu, d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey objektif ile hizalanm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7b\u00fckey bir merce\u011fe sahipti.<\/p>\n

Lippershey, kijker (\u201clooker\u201d)\u00a0 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi teleskopu i\u00e7in 30 y\u0131l boyunca ge\u00e7erli olacak bir patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu. Ayr\u0131ca icad\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fclke krallar\u0131na satmama kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendisine y\u0131ll\u0131k emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Bu icada patent verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0olan, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00fcreticisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Jacob Metius<\/strong> ve Zacharias Jansen<\/strong>\u00a0kendi tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 dava a\u00e7t\u0131lar.\u00a0Jacob Metius, oratadaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve Lippershey’den birka\u00e7 hafta sonra ba\u015fka bir teleskop i\u00e7in patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu. Mahkeme ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, bu kadar \u00e7ok insan\u0131n bildi\u011fi bir cihaz\u0131n kopyalanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok kolay oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile teleskopa hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde patent verilmemesi gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetti. Bununla birlikte, yap\u0131lan teleskoplar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, h\u00fck\u00fcmet c\u0131haz\u0131 i\u00e7in Lippershey’e 900 florin para \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verdi.\u00a0Sonunda Jacob Metius da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6d\u00fcl ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat yine de Lippershey, ilk patent ba\u015fvurusunun yapan ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle teleskopun mucidi<\/strong> unvan\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zacharias Jansen<\/strong>\u00a0ise bile\u015fik mikroskobu icat eden ki\u015fi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Her ikisi de hem teleskopun hem de mikroskopun icad\u0131<\/a> ve geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teleskop g\u00f6k cisimlerinin incelenmesi, g\u00f6zlenmesi ve g\u00f6k bilimi e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Teleskop olmadan gezegenimizin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan evrenin i\u015fleyi\u015fi konusunda tam anlam\u0131yla k\u00f6r olurduk herhalde. Bu kadar \u00f6nemli bir icat olan teleskopu kimin buldu\u011funa tarihsel geli\u015fimi ile bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Galilei Galileo<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Galileo-Galilei-Teleskop\"<\/p>\n

1609’da, Galileo Galilei \u201cHollanda perspektif teleskopu\u201d nu duydu ve bir tanesini bile g\u00f6rmeden kendi teleskopunu tasarlad\u0131. \u0130lerleyen g\u00fcnlerde baz\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeler yapt\u0131. Nesneleri 20 kez b\u00fcy\u00fctebilme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikten sonra cihaz\u0131n\u0131 Venedik Senatosuna sundu.\u00a0Senato, bu bulu\u015fundan sonra onu, iki kat maa\u015fla Padua \u00dcniversitesi’ne \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak atad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Galileo teleskopu g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7eviren ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Ay y\u00fczeyinde bulunan da\u011flar\u0131 ve kraterleri, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015feridini (Samanyolu) g\u00f6rmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Sat\u00fcrn’\u00fcn halkalar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f lekelerini ve J\u00fcpiter’in d\u00f6rt ay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

Galileo teleskobu ile uzay\u0131 inceledik\u00e7e o\u00a0zamana kadar evrenin merkezinin D\u00fcnya oldu\u011fu yolundaki inan\u0131\u015fla ilgili olarak ku\u015fkuya kap\u0131ld\u0131. Gezegenlerin g\u00fcne\u015f merkezli Kopernik<\/a> Modeline uydu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6\u011fretileri 2 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya \u00fcniversitelerinde okutulan Yunan filozoflar\u0131 Aristoteles<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>ve Ptolemius<\/strong>‘un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Evrenin merkezi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n, asl\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0\u0130ddias\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak ve duyurmak i\u00e7in Galileo “\u0130ki B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcnya Sistemi, Ptolemaik ve Kopernik \u00dczerine Diyalog” adl\u0131 bir kitap yazd\u0131. Kitab\u0131n\u0131 Papa VIII. Urbanus’a\u00a0sundu fakat fikirleri inan\u0131\u015fa ters ve sapk\u0131n olarak kabul edildi ve kilisenin h\u0131\u015fm\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. \u00a0Galileo’nun 1633’te Roma’daki engizisyon mahkemesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na karar verildi. Mahkemede savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131 ve mahkeme ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pazarl\u0131k sonucunda, 1642’deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve yazmaya devam etti\u011fi ev hapsine mahkum edildi.<\/p>\n

Sir Isaac Newton<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Isaac-Newton\"<\/p>\n

Avrupa’n\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinde, bilim adamlar\u0131 teleskopu geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Johannes Kepler<\/a> optikleri inceledi ve iki konveks lensli bir teleskop tasarlad\u0131. Teleskop konusunda as\u0131l devrimsel icat Sir Isaac Newton’dan geldi. Kepler’in yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Isaac Newton, merceklerden ziyade mercekler ile birlikte aynalardan olu\u015fan bir teleskop yapman\u0131n daha do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar verece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. 1668’de Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n ve Galileo’nun k\u0131r\u0131lma teleskopundan farkl\u0131 olarak yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 teleskopu icat eden Newton, y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra, yans\u0131tma teleskoplar\u0131n\u0131n astronomiye egemen olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.\u00a01688 y\u0131l\u0131nda icat edilen yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 teleskopun ad\u0131 Newtonian Reflector ad\u0131yla bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Radyo Teleskoplar\u0131 ve\u00a0Karl Jansky<\/h3>\n

Radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi ve radyo ile ilgili geli\u015fmeler sayesinde, bilim adamlar\u0131 sadece \u0131\u015f\u0131k de\u011fil, uzayda bulunan elektromanyetik radyasyonu da incelemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Karl Jansky ad\u0131nda bir Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda uzaydan elektromanyerik radyasyonu tespit eden ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Samanyolu’nun merkezinden \u00e7\u0131kan bir elektromanyetik radyo paraziti kayna\u011f\u0131 buldu. Radyo teleskoplar\u0131 o zamandan beri galaksilerin haritas\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Big Bang Teorisi gibi bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc do\u011frulayan, arka plan mikrodalga radyasyonunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan modern teleskoplar mercekler ve aynalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve uzaktaki galaksilerin izlenmesini sa\u011flayacak teknolojik yeteneklere sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Teleskop ile ilgili ilgin\u00e7 bilgiler<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teleskop, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli icatlar\u0131ndan biridir. Uzaktaki nesneleri yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131ran ve incelemeye yarayan bu basit cihaz, g\u00f6zlemcilere yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Merakl\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 bu tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc d\u00fcrb\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8429,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2700,836,2633,838,837,2428,95,2429,93],"class_list":["post-117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-galilei-galileo","tag-galileo","tag-isaac-newton","tag-lippershey","tag-newton","tag-teleskobu-kim-buldu","tag-teleskop","tag-teleskopu-kim-icat-etti","tag-teleskopun-icadi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12193,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117\/revisions\/12193"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}