{"id":11853,"date":"2018-08-23T14:25:40","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T12:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=11853"},"modified":"2018-09-25T12:02:49","modified_gmt":"2018-09-25T10:02:49","slug":"ibn-i-heysem-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=11853","title":{"rendered":"\u0130bn-i Heysem kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilim adamlar\u0131<\/a> aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nanlardan biri olan \u0130bn-i Heysem, (Hasan \u0130bn el-Haytham veya Alhazen) M.\u00d6. 965 – M.\u00d6. 1040 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Arap bilim adam\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slami Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131n matematik\u00e7i, astronomu ve fizik\u00e7isidir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan “modern opti\u011fin babas\u0131” olarak kabul edilir. \u00d6zellikle optik ve g\u00f6rsel alg\u0131 ilkelerine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f, en etkili eseri Kit\u0101b al-Man\u0101\u1e93ir (“Optikler Kitab\u0131”) d\u0131r. Latince bask\u0131s\u0131 1011\u20131021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir polymat (Hez\u00e2rfen) d\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda felsefe, teoloji ve t\u0131p \u00fczerine de eserler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i Heysem, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir nesneye s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sonra ki\u015finin g\u00f6zlerine y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk a\u00e7\u0131klayan ki\u015fiydi. Ayr\u0131ca, bir hipotezin, onaylanabilir prosed\u00fcrlere veya matematiksel kan\u0131tlara dayanan deneylerle kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kavram\u0131n\u0131n ilk savunucusu olmu\u015ftur; bu nedenle R\u00f6nesans bilim adamlar\u0131ndan be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce bilimsel y\u00f6ntemi ortaya koymu\u015f ve anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i Heysem’in Hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u0130bn-i Heysem Basra’da do\u011fdu, \u00fcretken d\u00f6neminin \u00e7o\u011funu Kahire’nin Fatimid kentinde ge\u00e7irdi ve ge\u00e7imini \u00e7e\u015fitli bilimsel tezler ve soylu arap ailelerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yaparak kazand\u0131. \u0130bn-i Heysem’e, do\u011fum yerinden dolay\u0131 al-Ba\u1e63r\u012b (Basra’l\u0131) ya da El-Mi\u1e63r\u012b (M\u0131s\u0131r’l\u0131) da denmektedir.<\/p>\n

Orta Avrupa’da, \u0130bn-i Heysem; Ptolemaeus Secundus (“\u0130kinci Ptolemy”) ve\u00a0 modern fizik biliminin yolunu a\u00e7an ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in The Physicist “Fizik\u00e7i” olarak an\u0131lmakta ve onurland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i Heysem M.\u00d6. 965 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Basra, Irak’ta, Buyid Emirli\u011fi’nde\u00a0d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Basra’da vezirlik g\u00f6revinde bulundu ve uygulamal\u0131 matematik bilgisi sayesinde\u00a0\u00fcn yapt\u0131. Nil nehrinin ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alabilece\u011fini iddia etti ve Aswan’da bir hidrolik proje ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Fatimid Halifesi el-Hakim taraf\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r’a davet edildi. Ancak projesinin uygulanabilirli\u011fini kabul ettirmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131 ve Kahire’ye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Kahire’ye d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra idari bir g\u00f6reve getirildi. Bu idari g\u00f6revinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle Halife Al-Hakim taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve t\u00fcm malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na el konuldu. 1022’de halifenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra el konulan e\u015fyalar\u0131 ona iade edildi. S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re Heysem’in bu olaydan sonra cinnet ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve bu d\u00f6nemde ev hapsinde tutulur. Ev hapsinde oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre boyunca Optik Kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. \u0130bn-i Heysem, El-Ezher \u00dcniversitesi’nin bulundu\u011fu semtte\u00a0kitab\u0131n\u0131n geliri ile \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Kahire’de ya\u015famaya devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frencileri aras\u0131nda Sorkhab (Sohrab), Semnan’dan bir Pers ve bir M\u0131s\u0131r prensi olan Ebu el-Wafa Muba\u015fir ibn Fatek bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab al-Manazir (Optik Kitab\u0131)<\/h3>\n

\u0130bn-i Heysem’in en \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri, 1011’den 1021’e kadar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan yedi ciltlik Kitab al-Manazir (Optik Kitab\u0131) eseridir.<\/p>\n

Optik Kitab\u0131, 12nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ad\u0131 bilinmeyen bir bilim adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Latince’ye \u00e7evrildi. 1572’de Friedrich Risner taraf\u0131ndan “Optik Al\u0131nt\u0131lar: Arap Alhazeni’nin yedi kitab\u0131, ilk bask\u0131: Alacakaranl\u0131k ve bulutlar\u0131n ilerlemesi ile ilgili” ad\u0131yla bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Orta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcn kazand\u0131. \u0130bn-i Heysem taraf\u0131ndan geometrik konularda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 1834 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris’te E. A. Sedillot taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. A. Mark Smith taraf\u0131ndan \u0130bn-i Heysem’e ait 18 tam veya neredeyse tamamlanm\u0131\u015f el yazmas\u0131, 14 farkl\u0131 yerde bulunan 5 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan el yazmalar\u0131 bir araya getirildi. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Oxford’daki Bodleian K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nde ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Bruges k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde muhafaza edilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nanlardan biri olan \u0130bn-i Heysem, (Hasan \u0130bn el-Haytham veya Alhazen) M.\u00d6. 965 – M.\u00d6. 1040 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Arap bilim adam\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slami Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131n matematik\u00e7i,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11854,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11853"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11853"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11917,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11853\/revisions\/11917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}