{"id":12032,"date":"2018-09-28T01:10:06","date_gmt":"2018-09-27T23:10:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12032"},"modified":"2018-09-28T01:10:06","modified_gmt":"2018-09-27T23:10:06","slug":"blaise-pascal-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12032","title":{"rendered":"Blaise Pascal kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blaise Pascal hayat\u0131, bulu\u015flar\u0131, eserleri ve matematik alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/h2>\n

Frans\u0131z filozof ve bilim adam\u0131 Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en etkili matematik\u00e7ilerindendi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mucit, hidrostatik uzman\u0131, ve bilgili bir din filozofuydu.<\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130lk Y\u0131llar\u0131<\/h3>\n

19 Haziran 1623’te Clermont-Ferrand’da do\u011fan Pascal’\u0131n babas\u0131, yerel bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve daha sonra bir vergi tahsildar\u0131 olan \u00c9tienne Pascal’d\u0131. Annesi Antoinette Begon, 1626’da \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00c7iftin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fundan ikincisi ve tek erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fuydu. Pascal ailesi 1631’de Paris’e yerle\u015fti ve daha sonra 1640’da Rouen’e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Pascal 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, matematik akademisinin toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Babas\u0131, ona \u00f6zellikle Latince ve Yunanca dillerini \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015fti. Bilimin dili olan latince onun matemati\u011fe olan merak\u0131n\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131. Geometrik fig\u00fcrlerle deneyler yapmaya ve hatta standart geometrik terimler i\u00e7in kendi verdi\u011fi isimleri kullanmaya ve onlar\u0131 form\u00fcle etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pascal sadece 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda projektif geometri \u00fczerine \u201cKoni Geometrisi \u00dczerine Deneme\u201d adl\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yazd\u0131. Mistik Hexagram olarak da bilinen Pascal Teoremi, bir koni i\u00e7ine \u00e7izilmi\u015f alt\u0131genin kar\u015f\u0131t taraflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ortak noktas\u0131nda kesi\u015fti\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Matematiksel ve Bilimsel Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Hesap Makinesi<\/h4>\n

1642’de Pascal\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131 Frans\u0131z Rouen \u015fehri i\u00e7in vergi tahsildar\u0131 idi. Babas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in Pascaline denilen bir hesap makinesi icat etti. Bu mekanik hesap makinesi, hareketli kadranlar ile say\u0131sal bir tekerlekten olu\u015fuyordu. Toplama ve \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemlerini yapabiliyordu. Hesap makinesi, Frans\u0131z para birimi ile do\u011fru \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131; O zamanlar bir livre’de 20 sol ve 1 solda 12 denier vard\u0131. Pascal’\u0131n hesap makinesi ticari bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edememesine ra\u011fmen on y\u0131l boyunca hesap makinesini d\u00fczeltmeye ve geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n

Hidrostatik<\/h4>\n

1640’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Pascal, hareketsiz s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 inceleyen ak\u0131\u015fkanlar mekani\u011finin bir kolu olan hidrostati\u011fe katk\u0131da bulundu. Deneyleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u015f\u0131r\u0131ngay\u0131 ve hidrolik presi icat etti. Pascal, hava bas\u0131nc\u0131yla deneyler yapt\u0131. Evangelista Torricelli\u2019nin barometrik varyasyonlar\u0131n sebebi ile ilgili teorisini do\u011frulad\u0131. 1647’de vakumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cVakumlar ile ilgili Yeni Deneyler\u201d adl\u0131 eserini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n dengesi hakk\u0131ndaki teorik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 1653 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pascal’\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 yasas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cS\u0131v\u0131lar Dengesi \u00dczerine Deneme\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Pascal prensibi, hapsedilmi\u015f bir ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n herhangi bir noktas\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funda, kab\u0131n di\u011fer her noktas\u0131nda e\u015fit bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Geometri ve Pascal \u00dc\u00e7geni<\/h4>\n

Pascal ayr\u0131ca konik alanlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve projektif geometride \u00f6nemli teoremler \u00fcretti. Koniler \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u201cKonik Alanlar\u0131n \u00dcretimi\u201d 1648’de ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1653\/4’te devam etti, ancak tamamlanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Pascal \u00dc\u00e7geni \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok yeni matematik g\u00f6zlem yapt\u0131. Bu \u00fc\u00e7gen, her bir say\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011frudan bunun \u00fczerindeki ikisinin toplam\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir \u00fc\u00e7gendir. \u00dc\u00e7genle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Pascal’dan \u00f6nce Hindistan, \u0130ran, \u00c7in, Almanya ve \u0130talya’da matematik\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa da Pascal\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131yla bilinmektedir. \u201cTrait\u00e9 du triangle arithm\u00e9tique\u201d (\u201cAritmetik \u00dc\u00e7geni \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d) adl\u0131 eseri 1653’te yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Olas\u0131l\u0131k Teorisi<\/h4>\n

1654 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Pascal matematik\u00e7i Pierre de Fermat ile yaz\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zarlarla deneyler yapt\u0131 ve belirli bir sonucun sabit bir olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. Bu, olas\u0131l\u0131k bilim alan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Fermat ve Pascal bug\u00fcn olas\u0131l\u0131k teorisinin kurucular\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Rulet<\/h4>\n

S\u00fcrekli hareket eden bir makine icat etme \u00e7abas\u0131nda olan Pascal, bilmeden de olsa \u015fu anda halen kullan\u0131lan kumar aleti rulet \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131 tasarlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sikloid<\/h4>\n

Pascal’\u0131n son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 1658’de okudu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde d\u00f6nen bir dairenin \u00e7evresi \u00fczerindeki bir noktan\u0131n izledi\u011fi yol ve e\u011fri yani sikloid \u00fczerindeydi.<\/p>\n

Pascal derin bir dini deneyime sahipti ve 1865’te\u00a0 Port-Royal din enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi. Orada, Louis de Montalte takma ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda dini belgeler yazd\u0131. Bunlar daha sonra \u201cLes Provinciales\u201d (Provincial Letters) ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cPens\u00e9es\u201d adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc felsefe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda da yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Blaise Pascal’\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Blaise Pascal, 19 A\u011fustos 1662’de, 39 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken mide t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc. Pascal (Pa) bas\u0131n\u00e7 birimi onuruna se\u00e7ildi. Bilgisayar dili Pascal, geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk hesaplama makinesinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra onun ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Blaise Pascal hayat\u0131, bulu\u015flar\u0131, eserleri ve matematik alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Frans\u0131z filozof ve bilim adam\u0131 Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en etkili matematik\u00e7ilerindendi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mucit,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[2793],"class_list":["post-12032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari","tag-blaise-pascal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12032"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12032"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12034,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12032\/revisions\/12034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}