{"id":12141,"date":"2018-10-03T16:39:33","date_gmt":"2018-10-03T14:39:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12141"},"modified":"2018-10-08T12:01:26","modified_gmt":"2018-10-08T10:01:26","slug":"irene-joliot-curie-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12141","title":{"rendered":"Irene Joliot-Curie kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marie Curie<\/a> ve Pierre Curie<\/a>\u2019 nin k\u0131z\u0131 olan Irene Joliot, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1897’de Fransa’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Paris’ te do\u011fdu. Annesi ve babas\u0131 gibi\u00a0radyoaktivite alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. E\u015fi Frederic Joliot “Curie” ailesine damat olma onurunu ya\u015fayan ve aileye olan b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 onlar\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 alarak Frederic Joliot Curie ismini ald\u0131. E\u015fiyle birlikte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar aileye ikinci Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece en \u00e7ok Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan aile olarak tarihe ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n

Aile hayat\u0131 ve Bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Irene iki bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015fken, kendisinin de bilime kar\u015f\u0131 merakl\u0131 olmamas\u0131 beklenemezdi. Kocas\u0131 Frederic Joliot-Curie ile birlikte yapay radyoaktiviteyi ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma onlara 1935’de Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazand\u0131rd\u0131. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak var olan radyoaktif elementler gibi\u00a0 yapay radyoaktif elementler \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farmalar\u0131yla bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0Ir\u00e8ne Joliot-Curie boron kullanarak radyoaktif azot \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda magnezyum kullanarak aluminyum ve silikon \u00fcretilebilece\u011fini\u00a0g\u00f6stererek bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 katlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Curie \u00e7ifti kararl\u0131 atomlar\u0131 radyoaktif atomlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ilk ki\u015filer oldular.<\/p>\n

Irene e\u011fitimine matematik ve fizik alan\u0131nda Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesi’nde devam etti. 21 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Radium Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde (annesini kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu laboratuvar) annesinin laboratuvar asistan\u0131 oldu.\u00a0Marie Curie laboratuvardan uzaktayken, tamamen g\u00fcvenilir gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revinden ald\u0131.\u00a0Ir\u00e8ne son derece yetenekliydi, ancak daha deneyimli baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda onun durumuyla alakal\u0131 k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k vard\u0131.\u00a0Ir\u00e8ne bunu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti ve tamamen onun ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na ve laboratuvar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na odakland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bernard Koleji Alt\u0131n Madalyas\u0131’na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklu\u011fu ve E\u011fitimi<\/h3>\n

1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda Irene sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, babas\u0131 Pierre Curie \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Pierre’ nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde sonra annesi Maria Curie Irene’i b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. B\u00fcy\u00fckbaba\u00a0Eug\u00e8ne ayn\u0131 zamanda emekli bir t\u0131p doktoruydu. Art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 Irene’nin hem en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 hemde ilk \u00f6\u011fretmeni oldu. Torununu \u00e7ok seven\u00a0Eug\u00e8ne, Irene’nin geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahiptir. Ona bilim ve en \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi yazar olan Victor Hugo’nun eserlerini tan\u0131tt\u0131. Ama ne yaz\u0131k ki bu ikilinin birlikte ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zaman da k\u0131sa oldu. Irene 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken B\u00fcy\u00fckbaba Eug\u00e8ne, 1910’da 83 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Marie Curie, b\u00fcy\u00fckbaba Eug\u00e8ne’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra laboratuvar\u0131na gitmeden \u00f6nce her g\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ders vermek istedi.\u00a0Ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131zlar\u0131n fiziksel olarak sa\u011flam olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi; onlar\u0131 binicilik, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f, y\u00fczme, kayak ve akrobasi ile me\u015fgul etti. Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesinde meslekta\u015flar\u0131na konu\u015fan Marie, Paris’ teki \u00e7ocuklara verilen e\u011fitimdeki yetersizli\u011fini anlatt\u0131 ve bu duruma el atmaya karar verdiler, Marie ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan uzmanlar zeki \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015fan bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 e\u011fitmek i\u00e7in bir program yapt\u0131lar. Irene de bu se\u00e7kin \u00f6\u011fretmenler taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitililen ki\u015filerden biri oldu.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Marie Curie taraf\u0131ndan fizik<\/li>\n
  • Jean Baptiste Perrin’den kimya (daha sonra fizikte Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazand\u0131)<\/li>\n
  • B\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7i Paul Langevin’den matematik e\u011fitimi ald\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu kadar \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmenler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok az say\u0131da \u00e7ocuk e\u011fitilmi\u015ftir!<\/p>\n

    Annesinin yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 olan Albert Einstein ile\u00a01912 y\u0131l\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015fan Irene o zaman daha 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ama fizik ve bilime olan merak\u0131 herkes taraf\u0131ndan farkediliyordu. Albert Einstein da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131zdaki fizik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Irene 1913 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda\u00a0Coll\u00e8ge S\u00e9vign\u00e9’deki okuluna e\u011fitimine devam etmek i\u00e7in Paris’e d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Curieler<\/h3>\n

    Irene’nin okul i\u00e7in Paris’e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l sonra 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Annesi Marie Curie zaten canla ba\u015fla sava\u015f\u0131n arka perdesinde bir\u00e7ok hedef i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yordu. Mobil radyoloji \u00fcnitelerini kurup sava\u015fta yaralanm\u0131\u015f askerlerin bedenlerine saplanan \u015farapnel par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Irene, bu d\u00f6nemde ek olarak hem\u015firelik kursu ald\u0131. Hemen sonras\u0131nda\u00a0Irene, Marie Curie’ nin kurdu\u011fu radyoloji \u00fcnitelerinde g\u00f6rev yapmak \u00fczere i\u015fe al\u0131nan hem\u015firelere radyoloji \u00f6\u011fretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Irene rahat ve korunakl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015farak sava\u015f hastanelerinde, sava\u015f alan\u0131ndaki askerlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck yaralar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorlu ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rerek deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu durum onu ya\u015f\u0131ndan daha fazla olgunluk ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir zihne sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Annesi k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n daima destek\u00e7isiydi ama e\u011fer zorluklarla ve sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmazsa rahat bir hayat\u0131n ona bir\u015fey kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. \u0130kisi birlikte kendi uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131nda sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfediyorlard\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan Irene’ e askeri \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmet madalyas\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

    Sava\u015f bittikten sonra Irene, Sorbonne’ da matemetik ve fizik alan\u0131nda e\u011fitimine devam etti. 21 ya\u015f\u0131nda annesini kurdu\u011fu Radium Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde\u00a0 asistan olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kesinlikle bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara adam\u0131\u015f olan Irene<\/p>\n

    Ben, bilimi hayat\u0131m\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    s\u00f6zleriyle kendisini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Irene 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda, annesi ve babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen elementlerden biri olan polonyumun yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyasyonu ke\u015ffetti\u011fi i\u00e7in Bilim Doktoru \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ir\u00e8ne ve Frederic Joliot Curie Birlikteli\u011fi ve\u00a0 Bilime Katk\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

    Birg\u00fcn annesi Irene’den laboratuvarda radyoaktif materyalleri i\u015fleme konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ona kendi asistanlar\u0131ndan olan\u00a0Frederic Joliot ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Birlikte, Irene kimyasallar \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken,\u00a0Frederic Joliot ise fizik konular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. \u0130kisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sayesinde bir\u00e7ok bulu\u015f ve \u00f6d\u00fcle sahip oldular. En \u00f6nemlisi de Irene ve Frederic Joliot bilim ekibi olarak \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131lar. Tabi bu \u00f6d\u00fclden \u00f6nce\u00a01926’da evlendiler. Evlenince\u00a0Frederic Joliot kendi soyisminden vazge\u00e7ip Curie soyismini kullanmak istemi\u015ftir. Curie ailesini olan sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve sevgisini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in daha ne yapabilirdi acaba?<\/p>\n

    Farkl\u0131\u00a0laboratuvarlar birbirleriyle s\u00fcrekli bir rekabet halindedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ilk olmak istemeleri ve adlar\u0131n\u0131n duyulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeleri de en tabi haklar\u0131d\u0131r diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Bir ba\u015fka radyasyon ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olan Ernest Rutherford bir s\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir;<\/p>\n

    Bende rakiplerim gibi yoluma devam etmeliyim, \u015fimdi ki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda \u00e7abuk yay\u0131mlamal\u0131y\u0131m ki yar\u0131\u015fta kalabileyim. Bu yar\u0131\u015ftaki en iyi rakiplerim\u00a0Becquerel ve Curielerdir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Son B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/h4>\n

    \u0130rene Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131ktan sonra, kendi \u00e7ocuklu\u011funu ve yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan annesinin kendisini ne kadar ihmal etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlayarak, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla daha fazla ilgilenebilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletti. Buna ra\u011fmen 1946′ da Radyum Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Irene ve Frederic’in iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmu\u015ftur; Helene 1927′ de –\u00a0Pierre ise 1932′ de d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015flerdir. Aileye gelen bireylerde bilim tutkusu devam etmi\u015ftir ki, Helene\u00a0n\u00fckleer fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc,\u00a0Pierre de\u00a0biyokimya profes\u00f6r\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k bu konu ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu…<\/p>\n

    Irene Curie’nin \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h3>\n

    Irene Curie 17 Mart 1956’da Paris’ te Curie Hastanesinde 58 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0Annesi gibi fazla radyasyona maruz kalarak\u00a0\u00a0l\u00f6semi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Marie Curie’ nin bug\u00fcn bile ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131 (defterleri ve kitaplar\u0131 vs.) kur\u015fun kutularda saklan\u0131yor hala radyoaktiftirler sadece \u00f6zel koruyucu giysiler giyen uzman ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Irene \u00e7ocukluk g\u00fcnlerinden itibaren radyasyona maruz kald\u0131, annesi ve babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131yafetleri ve ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131na kadar radyoaktif materyallerle k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde kirlenmi\u015fti. Tahmin edilen\u00a0Irene’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndaki X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda radyoaktif materyallere tekrar tekrar maruz kalmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Kocas\u0131 Frederic Joliot-Curie ise Irene’ nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden iki y\u0131l sonra, 1958’de 58 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Marie Curie ve Pierre Curie\u2019 nin k\u0131z\u0131 olan Irene Joliot, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1897’de Fransa’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Paris’ te do\u011fdu. Annesi ve babas\u0131 gibi\u00a0radyoaktivite alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. E\u015fi Frederic Joliot “Curie” ailesine…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[3175],"class_list":["post-12141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari","tag-irene-joliot-curie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12141"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12141"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12374,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12141\/revisions\/12374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}