{"id":12155,"date":"2018-10-02T17:58:51","date_gmt":"2018-10-02T15:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12155"},"modified":"2018-10-03T16:46:04","modified_gmt":"2018-10-03T14:46:04","slug":"kopernik-nicolaus-copernicus-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12155","title":{"rendered":"Kopernik kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kopernik <\/strong>(Nicolaus Copernicus),\u00a0D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak, gezegenimizin evrenin merkezi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlad\u0131. Bu kan\u0131tlar bilimsel devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.\u00a0Kademeli olarak, Copernicus\u2019un (G\u00fcnmerkezlilik) heliosentrik teorisinin kabul\u00fc ve bununla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle Galileo Galilei<\/a> ve Johannes Kepler<\/a>\u2019in ellerinde bilimsel bir devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocukluk D\u00f6nemi<\/h3>\n
Nikolas Kopernik 19 \u015eubat 1473’te Polonya’n\u0131n kuzeyindeki Warmia Piskoposlu\u011fundaTorun \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. Ailesi ad\u0131n\u0131 Mikolaj Kopernik olarak koydu fakat o \u00fcniversitede kendini isminin Latin formu olan Nicolaus Copernicus ad\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti ve onu kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Nikolas\u00a0zengin bir ailede do\u011fdu. Ad\u0131n\u0131 zengin bir bak\u0131r t\u00fcccar\u0131 olan babas\u0131 Mikolaj Kopernik’den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Annesi Barbara Watzenrode, zengin, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f bir t\u00fcccar ailesinden geliyordu. Nikolas ailenin d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocu\u011funun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/div>\n

Nikolas 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc. Soylu amcas\u0131 Lucas Watzenrode onun koruyuculu\u011funu \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim Hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n

Kopernik, 1491 y\u0131l\u0131nda 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda, astronomi, matematik, felsefe ve fen bilimlerini okudu\u011fu Krakow \u00dcniversitesi’ne kaydoldu. Ana ilgi alanlar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplara yans\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Euclid taraf\u0131ndan Geometri Unsurlar\u0131<\/li>\n
  • Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n Haly Abenragel Taraf\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131<\/li>\n
  • Castile Alfonso X’in Astronomik Tablolar\u0131<\/li>\n
  • Johannes Regiomontanus’un Astronomik ve Matematiksel Tablolar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kopernik \u00fcniversitesindeki son y\u0131l\u0131nda matematik ve astronomi \u00fczerine kendi g\u00f6zlemlerini yazd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 Johannes Regiomontanus’un kitab\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel kopyas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

    Sonraki d\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca Nicolaus Copernicus \u00fcniversiteden mezun olamad\u0131. Amcas\u0131, kilise kanunlar\u0131 (F\u0131k\u0131h) okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in onu \u0130talya’n\u0131n Bologna kentine yollad\u0131. Warmia’n\u0131n Ba\u015f Piskoposu olan amcas\u0131, Nicolaus’un d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Warmia da hukuk\u00e7u bir piskopos olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Onun i\u00e7in bu iyi bir maa\u015f ve iyi bir i\u015f olacakt\u0131.\u00a0Kopernik, \u0130talya’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Katolik Kilisesi’nin yasalar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netmeliklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek ve incelemek i\u00e7in harcad\u0131.\u00a0Fakat hukuk okuman\u0131n yan\u0131nda\u00a0zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu astronomi, matematik ve Antik Yunanca \u00f6\u011frenmeye ay\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Anlamas\u0131 gereken b\u00fcy\u00fck astronomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu sadece Yunanca kitaplarda yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Kopernik hukuk dersleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az zaman ay\u0131rd\u0131 ve\u00a0hayat\u0131nda ikinci kez iyi bir dereceyle mezun olamad\u0131.\u00a0Bununla birlikte, kitap koleksiyonuna yenilerini ekledi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u00a0Claudius Ptolemy (Batlamyus) taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Cosmography<\/li>\n
    • Johannes Regiomontanus taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Claious Ptolemy’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck astronomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zeti ve Regiomontanus’un ek notlar\u0131<\/li>\n
    • Aratus’un Phenomena adl\u0131 eseri (astronomi ile u\u011fra\u015fan eski bir Yunan eseri)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      1501 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 28 ya\u015f\u0131nda Copernicus Warmia’ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve derhal \u0130talya’ya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in izin istedi.\u00a0Copernicus amcas\u0131na \u0130talya’da Warmia’da daha yararl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi t\u0131bbi e\u011fitim alabilece\u011fini ve hukuk doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0Belki de \u0130talya’da g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc seyretmenin Warmia’dan \u00e7ok daha iyi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Amcas\u0131ndan iki y\u0131l izin ald\u0131 ve\u00a0bu kez \u0130talya’n\u0131n Padua \u015fehrine do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Orada en \u00e7ok ilgilendi\u011fi \u015feyleri astronomi ve matemati\u011fi incelemeye devam etti.\u00a0T\u0131p \u00fczerine ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bir Hukuk Doktoru olmak i\u00e7in s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015fard\u0131.\u00a0Warmia’ya 1503’te kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve art\u0131k 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Astronom Kopernik ve hatalar\u0131 ke\u015ffi<\/h3>\n

      1503 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Copernicus, amcas\u0131n\u0131n sekreteri ve doktor olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131; Ayn\u0131 zamanda din g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirdi, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc, ekonomist olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve hatta sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda liderlik yapt\u0131. Bunlar s\u0131radan i\u015fleri idi fakat as\u0131l merak\u0131 astonomi ve bilimdeydi.<\/p>\n

      Bologna’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca Kopernik, deneyimli \u0130talyan astronom Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara<\/strong> ile arkada\u015f oldu. Kopernik ona resmi olmayan bir astronomi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmeti sunarak, beraber gece g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn fakl\u0131 saat dilimlerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

      O g\u00fcnlerde astronomlar \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fyorlard\u0131. Galileo Galilei, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne teleskopla bakan ilk insand\u0131 ve Galileo Kopernik \u00f6ld\u00fcksen 20 y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n

      Copernicus\u2019un koleksiyonundaki kitaplardan biri de Johannes Regiomontanus’un Ptolemy\u2019nin (Batlamyus) Almagest (B\u00fcy\u00fck Bile\u015fim)’inin \u00d6zeti idi. Yunanca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kitap, 1.300 y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcredir astronomik olan her \u015feyin son s\u00f6z\u00fc olmu\u015ftu. Almagest’in kopyalar\u0131, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan Avrupa’ya geldi. Johannes Regiomontanus gibi g\u00f6kbilimciler, Ptolemy’nin Yunanca’dan Arap\u00e7a’ya ve daha sonra Arap\u00e7a’dan Latince’ye \u00e7eviri yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hatalardan \u015f\u00fcphelenmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

      \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ptolemy\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 her ay, Ay’\u0131n d\u00fcnyadan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini\u00a0\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ancak bu, Ay’\u0131n her ay ikiye katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyece\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve daha sonra daralaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bunu hi\u00e7 kimse g\u00f6rmemi\u015fti, bu y\u00fczden bir \u015feyler yanl\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131 – Regiomontanus \u00e7evirmenlerin hata yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u00a0Regiomontanus, Ptolemy\u2019nin eserinin orijinal Yunanca kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 do\u011frudan Latince’ye \u00e7evirdi ve\u00a0Ptolemy\u2019nin orijinal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda hatalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten mevcut oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Ve \u015fimdi s\u0131ra Copernicus’dayd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Ptolemy’nin hata yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren Regiomontanus’u okumu\u015ftu.\u00a0G\u00f6kbilimcinin hata yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Domenico Maria Novara ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, Ptolemy\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131ran bir kitap yazan Alessandro Achillini gibi di\u011fer \u0130talyan akademisyenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de duymu\u015ftu.\u00a0E\u011fer Ptolemy, ay\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi kadar temel bir \u015fey hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f olabildiyse, belki ba\u015fka \u015feyleri de yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlam\u0131\u015f olabilirdi. E\u011fer \u00f6yle ise Astronomi’deki o g\u00fcne kadar bilinen her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015febilirdi.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, Ptolemy, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n evrenin merkezinde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti – s\u00f6zde jeosentrik doktrin. Bu da yanl\u0131\u015f olabilir miydi?\u00a0Copernicus’a g\u00f6re art\u0131k, Ptolemy’nin astronomide son s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn belki kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131p astronomiye yeni \u015feyler katabilirdi.<\/p>\n

      G\u00fcne\u015f Merkezli Evren Sistemi<\/h3>\n

      Warmia’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, 1503’te Copernicus astronomi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaa ba\u015flad\u0131 ancak di\u011fer g\u00f6revlerle de ilgileniyordu.\u00a0Yine de, 1514’te g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne yeteri kadar yak\u0131ndan bakm\u0131\u015f ve hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 sayfadan olu\u015fan Commentariolus – The Little Commentary – yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sadece g\u00fcvendi\u011fi insanlarla payla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda yeterince d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

      Bu elle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belgede evren hakk\u0131nda yeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koydu. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n, jeo-merkezli (D\u00fcnya Merkezli) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften, heliosentrik (G\u00fcne\u015f Merkezli) bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe do\u011fru kaymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

      Teorisinin temel ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • D\u00fcnya evrenin merkezi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
      • Evrenin merkezi g\u00fcne\u015fe yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fe uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u0131ld\u0131zlara olan uzakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re ihmal edilebilir.<\/li>\n
      • D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n kendi ekseni \u00fczerindeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc hesaba katmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • G\u00fcne\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u0131ll\u0131k devinim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, d\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngede oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/li>\n
      • Gezegenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hareketi, onlar\u0131 hareketli bir yerden g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fimizden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktalar\u0131, gezegenimizi, evrenin merkezinde \u00f6zel, son derece ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir konumdan g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda hareket eden ba\u015fka bir gezegene indirgemi\u015fti. Bu potansiyel olarak \u00e7ok tehlikeliydi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok insan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunuyordu;<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Kutsal Kitaptaki pasajlar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hareket etmedi\u011fini ima eder.<\/li>\n
        • \u0130ncil Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n kelimesidir<\/li>\n
        • Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n fikrine kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n veya reddetmenin cezas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Elbette, 1514’te Copernicus, yeni evren teorisini az say\u0131da g\u00fcvenilir arkada\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bunu yaparken bilimsel bir devrimi ba\u015flataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyordu.\u00a0\u00d6te yandan, o g\u00fcnlerde inan\u0131\u015fa ters d\u00fc\u015fen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131nlamamak en iyisiydi.<\/p>\n

          Bilimsel Devrim’in Tohumlar\u0131 At\u0131l\u0131yor<\/h3>\n

          1532’de Copernicus t\u00fcm g\u00f6zlemleri yapm\u0131\u015f ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n evrendeki yerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu t\u00fcm matematik form\u00fcllerini uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an kitab\u0131 De revolutionibus orbium coelestium<\/strong> – (G\u00f6ksel K\u00fcrelerin Devrimleri)’un ilk elyazmas\u0131n\u0131 yazmay\u0131 bitirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

          Yine de kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlamad\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc alaca\u011f\u0131 tepkiler konusunda endi\u015feliydi. Sadece yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6sterdi.\u00a0Fakat Copernicus’un yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ve gezegenlerin g\u00fcne\u015fin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde hareket etti\u011fi ile ilgili teorisi oldu\u011fu yava\u015f yava\u015f s\u0131zmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Papa ve Ba\u015fpiskoposlar s\u00f6ylentileri duydu, ama bu a\u015famada insanlar sadece bu konuda daha fazla \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenmek istediler.<\/p>\n

          1539’a kadar, aradan yedi y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti ve Copernicus hala kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Bu durum, Alman matematik\u00e7i Georg Joachim Rheticus’un Copernicus’tan her \u015feyi \u00f6\u011frenmeye geldi\u011finde de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

          Rheticus, Copernicus ile iki y\u0131l birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium’u okudu ve inan\u0131lmaz derecede hevesliydi. Copernicus’un bunu yay\u0131nlammas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya’ya bir bor\u00e7 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u00a0Rheticus ayr\u0131ca Copernicus’a matematikle ilgili yeni kitaplar getirerek Copernicus’un g\u00f6ksel cisimlerin hareketleri i\u00e7in son hesaplamalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

          \u0130lk Kitab\u0131<\/h3>\n

          Bu arada, Copernicus, Rheticus’a heliosentrik teorisinin temel bir \u00f6zetinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 el yazmalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan, Narratio Prima (\u0130lk Rapor) adl\u0131 bir kitap yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na izin verdi. Kitap Almanya’da bas\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0Kitab\u0131n etkisi, Rheticus ve Copernicus’a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6fke kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Kitab\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131, kitab\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bir not ekleyen Andreas Osiander taraf\u0131ndan denetlendi.\u00a0Andreas Osiander kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na “Teorisi al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, insanlar\u0131n astronomi hesaplamalar\u0131 yapmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, teorinin ger\u00e7ekten do\u011fru oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaz” notunu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Rheticus ve Copernicus, Osiander\u2019in yetkisiz notlar eklemesinden memnun olmasalar da, kitab\u0131n sadece onun notlar\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 bir \u015fanst\u0131. Osiander, kilisenin onlar\u0131 hemen sapk\u0131n olarak ilan etmemesi i\u00e7in bir neden vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

          Kitap Copernicus’un 1543’teki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce matbaalardan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Copernicus diplomatik bir hamle ile kitab\u0131n\u0131 Papa’ya adad\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Kitab\u0131 aniden yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen, bu sayede de onlar\u0131 koruyan bir ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6r de, sadece y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimli ki\u015filerin okuyabilece\u011fi ve matematiksel hesaplamalar\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu bir kitap olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Copernicus\u2019un Kitab\u0131na Tepkiler<\/h3>\n

          Copernicus’un kitab\u0131n\u0131 (g\u00f6zlemler ve matematik) okuyan ve anlayan astronomlar aras\u0131ndaki genel kan\u0131, bunun 1.300 y\u0131l boyunca astronomi hakk\u0131ndaki en iyi kitap oldu\u011fuydu. Ptolemy\u2019nin Almagest’ine e\u015fitti – ve bu ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6vg\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

          Copernicus\u2019un gezegenlerin g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler i\u00e7inde hareket ettikleri teorisi, Ptolemy\u2019nin jeosentrik teorisinin neden oldu\u011fu bir tak\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Copernicus, Ptolemy’nin jeosentrik\u00a0 teori \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00e7ok tuhaf bir matematiksel cihaz olan oktant’a olan ihtiyac\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Bug\u00fcn Copernicus’un yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde yer alan gezegenlerinin d\u00fczenini belirleyen ilk ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

          Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Copernicus\u2019un teorisi gezegenlerin hareketlerinin m\u00fckemmel bir tan\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fildi. Gezegenlerin G\u00fcne\u015f’in y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde oldu\u011fu do\u011fru\u00a0fakat\u00a0 yuvarlak yollar izlediklerini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu hata, Ptolemy\u2019nin sistemi gibi, baz\u0131 garip matematiksel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.\u00a0B\u00f6ylece g\u00f6kbilimcilerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 Copernicus\u2019un y\u00f6ntemlerini kulland\u0131lar, ancak \u00e7o\u011fu hen\u00fcz temel jeomerkezci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini terk etmeye haz\u0131r de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

          Ya Sonra Neler Oldu?<\/h4>\n

          Copernicus\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanan Kepler, g\u00fcne\u015f sisteminin asl\u0131nda heliosentrik oldu\u011funu, ancak gezegenlerin dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri izlemedi\u011fini; onlar\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinin eliptik oldu\u011funu ispatlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Copernicus’un teorisi fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fayan Katolik ve Protestan Kilisesi liderlerini bir araya getirdi.<\/p>\n

          Copernicus’un g\u00fcne\u015f merkezli teorisinin do\u011frulu\u011funu, \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir tehdit alg\u0131layan Katolik Kilisesi, g\u00fcne\u015f merkezli sisteme destek vermenin sapk\u0131nl\u0131k oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. 1616’da Kilise, Copernicus\u2019un kitab\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n

          1620’de Kilise, Copernicus’un kitab\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledikten sonra onaylad\u0131: Copernicus’un hareketli bir D\u00fcnya hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekte bir G\u00fcne\u015f’in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u00fcmleleri kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Son onaylamaya ra\u011fmen, kitap hala g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Katolik Kilisesi olan hi\u00e7bir \u00fclkede yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Bununla birlikte, Copernicus i\u00e7in destek b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam etti ve fikirleri kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zafer kazand\u0131. Bu teori kan\u0131t temelli g\u00f6zlemsel bilim i\u00e7in do\u011fan\u0131n dilini kullanarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015f bir zaferdi yani matemati\u011fin zaferi idi.<\/p>\n

          Sisaml\u0131 Aristarkus<\/h4>\n

          Copernicus’tan neredeyse iki bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fayan Yunan g\u00f6kbilimci, matematik\u00e7i ve felsefeci Aristarchus ilk heliosentrik evren teorisini yay\u0131nlayan ki\u015fi idi.<\/p>\n

          Nicolaus Copernicus’un \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h4>\n

          Nicolaus Copernicus, 24 May\u0131s 1543’te fel\u00e7ten 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Evlenmemi\u015f ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu yoktu. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 bilime, kiliseye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

          Frombork Katedrali’ne Polonya’ya g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Mezar\u0131 as\u0131rlard\u0131r kay\u0131pt\u0131 ancak 2005’te bulundu. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni mezar ta\u015f\u0131, y\u00f6r\u00fcngede alt\u0131 gezegenin bulundu\u011fu alt\u0131n bir g\u00fcne\u015f \u015feklinde yeniden yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Kopernik (Nicolaus Copernicus),\u00a0D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak, gezegenimizin evrenin merkezi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlad\u0131. Bu kan\u0131tlar bilimsel devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.\u00a0Kademeli olarak, Copernicus\u2019un (G\u00fcnmerkezlilik) heliosentrik teorisinin kabul\u00fc ve bununla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[918],"class_list":["post-12155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari","tag-kopernik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12155"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12265,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155\/revisions\/12265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}