{"id":12288,"date":"2018-10-05T16:31:43","date_gmt":"2018-10-05T14:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12288"},"modified":"2018-10-05T16:45:03","modified_gmt":"2018-10-05T14:45:03","slug":"ali-kuscu-eserleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12288","title":{"rendered":"Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u Eserleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dcnl\u00fc astronom ve matematik\u00e7i Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u<\/a>, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda matematik ve astronomi geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip oldu. \u0130stanbul’da 1474’te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra eserleri en de\u011ferli bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca dil ve retorik konusunda \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserler \u00fcretti. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u0130slam Bilim D\u00fcnyas\u0131’n\u0131n, Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda matematik ve astronominin, Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, eserleri ve katk\u0131lar\u0131yla zirvede oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam g\u00f6kbilimcileri ve matematik\u00e7ileri, do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in her zaman \u00e7ok \u00f6zenli oldular. Astronomik teoriye kafa yorarlard\u0131.\u00a0Kaba ve yakla\u015f\u0131k sonu\u00e7lardan asla memnun olmad\u0131lar, matematiksel ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 hedeflediler ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemsel verilere dayand\u0131rma konusunda \u0131srar ettiler. T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Alimleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir yeri olan Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u \u00f6zellike astronomi ve matematik alanlar\u0131nda ki eserleri ile g\u00f6kbilimde kavramsal bir devrim ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun astronomi ve matematik alan\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/h2>\n

Risala fi al-Hay’a<\/h3>\n

Bu eser, 1457 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fars\u00e7a\u00a0 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun astronomi ile ilgili en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

El-Risala fi-Hisab<\/h3>\n

Al-Risala el-Hisab, Semerkant’da Fars\u00e7a olarak 1472 sonuna kadar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f aritmetik hakk\u0131nda bir kitapt\u0131r. 104 yapraktan ve \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n Fars\u00e7a versiyonu, 194 yapraktan olu\u015fan Arap\u00e7a olandan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kitap, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hesaplamalar\u0131 ve pozisyonlar\u0131 ile bilgileri i\u00e7ermektedir. Eser y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n pozisyonlar\u0131 ve y\u0131ld\u0131z hesaplamalar\u0131 ile ilgilenen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

El-Risala el-Muhammediye<\/h3>\n

Arap\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cebir ve aritmetik \u00fczerine bir kitapt\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131 1472’de \u0130stanbul’a giderken yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Tarihi kaynaklarda ismi Muhammed II olarak ge\u00e7er) e sunulmak \u00fczere yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle kitaba tam olarak \u2018Muhammed’in Kitab\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131nda Risala el-Muhammediyye ad\u0131 verildi. Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131, Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 i\u00e7in duydu\u011fu derin sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Kitap giri\u015f ve be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ali Al-Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun Risala el-Hisab adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan daha zengin bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahiptir. Risala el-Muhammediye’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7izelge de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Al-Risala al-Fathiyya<\/h3>\n

Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun bu eseri, 1473’te Arap\u00e7a dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Akkoyunlu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Sultan Hasan’a kar\u015f\u0131 Otlukbeli zaferinin ard\u0131ndan Sultan II. Mehmet’e sunulmu\u015ftur. Risala al-Fathiyya’da Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u \u201cekliptik e\u011fim\u201d i hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ekliptik hesaplamalar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferinden \u00e7ok az farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Kitap \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcm, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki gezegenlerin say\u0131s\u0131, neden olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 ve bulunduklar\u0131 yerler ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, “D\u00fcnya tek ve D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen dokuz gezegen vard\u0131r. Onlar y\u00f6r\u00fcngede hareket ederler. G\u00fcne\u015f sabittir ve di\u011fer gezegenler ve g\u00f6ksel cisimler etraf\u0131nda y\u00f6r\u00fcngede bulunur.” Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegenler, baz\u0131 gezegenlerin \u015fekli, konumu ve hareketi, sabitlenmemi\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n konumu, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ve gezegenlerin hareketlerindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u015fekli ve iklimlerin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u015feklinin neredeyse yuvarlak oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Ekvator’un iklimi, gezegenlerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri, y\u0131llar ve tarihlerdeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00fckselen ve ayarlanan zamanlar\u0131 incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm, g\u00f6ksel cisimler ve bulutlar hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc alan\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131, Ay’\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya’n\u0131nkine oran\u0131, Merk\u00fcr ve Ven\u00fcs gezegenleri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Eserleri<\/h3>\n

T\u00fcm bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u ilahiyat, dini konular, dilbilim ve dilbilgisi hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. \u0130stanbul’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, \u0130stanbul’un bulundu\u011fu enlem ve boylam derecelerini hesaplad\u0131. Enlemi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn hesaplamalar\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olarak 41 ve boylam\u0131 da\u00a059 olarak buldu (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferler 41.01 \/ 58). Sultan Mehmet’in emriyle bir de g\u00fcne\u015f saati in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak, Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun eserleri be\u015f grup alt\u0131nda kategorize edilebilir;<\/h3>\n

Astronomi ile ilgili eserleri<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Sharh-i Zij-i Ulugh Beg<\/li>\n
  • Risala fi Hall Ashkal Mu’addil al-Qamar li-al-Masir<\/li>\n
  • Al-Risala fi Asl al-Harej Yumkin fi al-Sufliyyayn<\/li>\n
  • Sharh ‘ala al-Tuhfat al-shahiyya fi al-Hay’a<\/li>\n
  • Al-Risala dar \u2018ilm al-Hay’a<\/li>\n
  • Al-Fathiyya fi \u2018ilmi al-Hay’a<\/li>\n
  • Al-Risala fi Halli ashkal al-Qamar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Matematik \u00fczerine eserleri<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • El-Risala el-Muhammediyye fi-Hisab<\/li>\n
    • Al-Risala der \u2018ilm-i Hisab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0130slam hukuku ve \u0130slam felsefesi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • Al-Sharh al-Jadid \u2018alat al-Tajrid<\/li>\n
      • Hashiya al ala al-Talwih<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Mekanik aletler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Al-Tadhkira fi al-allah el-Ruhaniyye<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Dil ve retorik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • Sharh al-Risala al-Wad’iyya<\/li>\n
          • Al-Ifsah<\/li>\n
          • El-nUnk\u00fbd al-Zawahir fi Nazm el-Jawahir<\/li>\n
          • \u015earhu El Safiya<\/li>\n
          • El-Risala fi Bayani ba’d al-Mufradat<\/li>\n
          • Fa’ida li-Tahkiki Lami’t-Ta’rif<\/li>\n
          • Al-Risala ma ana qultu<\/li>\n
          • El-Risala fi el-Hamd<\/li>\n
          • El-Risala fi \u2018ilm al-Ma’ani<\/li>\n
          • El-Risala fi Bahth el-Mufrad<\/li>\n
          • Al-Risala fi al-Fann al-thani min \u2018ilm al-Bayan<\/li>\n
          • Tafsir al-Baqara ve ali \u2018Imran<\/li>\n
          • El-Risala fi-Isti’ara<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’ya atfedilen ba\u015fka eserler de vard\u0131r. Ancak, bu eserlerin orjinalleri hen\u00fcz bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r o nedenle Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131p yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin de\u011fildir. Bunlar Tarihu Ayasofya, Tefsir el-Zahrawayn, Mahb\u00fbb el-Hama, Al-Risala fi Mawd\u00fb’at al-\u2018Ul\u00fbm, Masarrat El-Qul\u00fbb fi Daf’i El-Kurb.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u00dcnl\u00fc astronom ve matematik\u00e7i Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda matematik ve astronomi geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip oldu. \u0130stanbul’da 1474’te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra eserleri en de\u011ferli bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[3176],"class_list":["post-12288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari","tag-ali-kuscu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12288"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12288"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12297,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12288\/revisions\/12297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}