{"id":12346,"date":"2010-10-07T23:18:18","date_gmt":"2010-10-07T21:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12346"},"modified":"2018-10-07T23:33:53","modified_gmt":"2018-10-07T21:33:53","slug":"dunyada-ilkler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=12346","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyada \u0130lkler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr bilgisi olarak insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca D\u00fcnyada \u00fcnl\u00fc ilklerin listesi. Co\u011frafi ke\u015fifler, bilim, ula\u015f\u0131m, siyaset, spor, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat alan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ilkler bu listede yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1492 &#8211; Kristof Kolomb (Christopher Colombus), Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131 (\u015fimdi Bahamalar) topraklar\u0131na giden ve orada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan ilk Avrupal\u0131 insan oldu. Kolomb&#8217;tan \u00f6nce muhtemelen 10. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir Viking olan Leif Erikson gibi ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da Amerika&#8217;ya gitmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>1773 &#8211; Kaptan James Cook &#8211; Antarktika g\u00fcney kutup dairesini ge\u00e7en ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1911 &#8211; 14 Aral\u0131k &#8211; Roald Amundsen (Norve\u00e7) G\u00fcney Kutbuna ula\u015fan ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1926 &#8211; Roald Amundsen\u00a0 &#8211; (Norve\u00e7) Kuzey Kutbuna ula\u015fan ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1932 &#8211; Amelia Earhart &#8211; Atlantik okyanusunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7arak ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Kanada Newfoundland&#8217;dan \u0130rlanda&#8217;ya 15 saatte u\u00e7tu.<\/p>\n<p>1947 &#8211; Chuck Yeager &#8211; Bell X-1 roketi ile saatte 670 mil. h\u0131zla ses h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7en ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1953 &#8211; Sir Edmund Hillary &#8211; Sherpa halk\u0131ndan olan rehberi Tenzing Norgay ile birlikte Everest da\u011f\u0131na t\u0131rmanan ilk insan oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1783 &#8211; Marquis d&#8217;Arlandes ve Pilatre de Rozier, Paris&#8217;te 20 dakika boyunca bir s\u0131cak hava balonunda u\u00e7an ilk insanlar oldular.<\/p>\n<p>1903 &#8211; 17 Aral\u0131k, Wright Karde\u015fler, Kuzey Caroline&#8217;da bir u\u00e7akla 12 saniye boyunca u\u00e7an\u00a0ilk insanlar oldular.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00d6 508 &#8211; \u0130lk defa, antik Yunan&#8217;da Cleisthenes&#8217;in demokratik reformlar\u0131 ile demokrasi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tan\u0131tmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>1215 &#8211; 15 Haziran, Krallar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk t\u00fcz\u00fck olan Magna Carta yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1542 &#8211; \u0130spanya, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge k\u00f6leli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131ran ilk Avrupa kanunu \u2018Leyes Nuevas\u2018&#8217;\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n<p>1777 &#8211; Thomas Jefferson, Virginia\u2019da Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Kurulmas\u0131 Kanununu haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin veren ilk tasar\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1789 &#8211; ABD anayasas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve dini inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne izin veren de\u011fi\u015fiklik kabul edildi.<\/p>\n<p>1946 &#8211; Trygve Lie (Norve\u00e7), Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler&#8217;in 1. Genel Sekreteri oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1668 &#8211; Sir Isaac Newton taraf\u0131ndan ilk yans\u0131tmal\u0131 teleskop icat edildi.<\/p>\n<p>1790 &#8211; Samuel Hopkins, ABD Patent No. 1&#8217;in sahibi oldu. Potas ve inci k\u00fclleri yapmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcreci patentledi.<\/p>\n<p>1911 &#8211; Marie Curie, iki Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Curie, Fizik Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve Kimya&#8217;da Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Fizik ve Kimya alan\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00d6 490 &#8211; 1. Maraton yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yunan efsanesine g\u00f6re bir ulak olan Pheidippides\u2019in, Marathon sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmek i\u00e7in Atina&#8217;ya kadar hi\u00e7 durmadan ko\u015fmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Mesaj\u0131 teslim ettikten sonra dizlerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>1896 &#8211; Pierre de Fr\u00e9dy Baron de Coubertin (Frans\u0131) &#8211; 1. Modern Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n<p>1896 &#8211; 10 Nisan 1. Olimpiyat maratonu 2: 58: 50 ile Spyridon Louis taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1872 &#8211; 16 Mart 1872, Kennington Oval&#8217;de ilk F.A. Kupas\u0131 finalinde Wanderers Royal Engineers tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yendi. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck futbol m\u00fcsabakas\u0131 finali olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n<p>1875 &#8211; Matthew Webb (\u0130ngiltere), Man\u015f Denizi&#8217;ni y\u00fczerek ge\u00e7en ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1903 &#8211; Maurice Garin (Fransa) 1. Fransa Bisiklet Turu (Tour de France) nu kazanan ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1930 &#8211; 30 Temmuz. Uruguay Uruguay&#8217;da d\u00fczenlenen ilk D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 kazanan ilk \u00fclke oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1954 &#8211; 6 May\u0131s &#8211; Roger Bannister (GB), 1 mil (1,6 km) lik mesafeyi d\u00f6rt dakikadan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede (3 dakika 59,4 saniye) ko\u015fan ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1968 &#8211; Jim Hines (ABD) &#8211; 100 metreyi 10 saniyenin alt\u0131nda,\u00a09.95 ile ko\u015fan ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1969 &#8211; 19 Kas\u0131m Pel\u00e9 t\u00fcm futbol ma\u00e7lar\u0131nda 1000&#8217;inci gol\u00fcn\u00fc att\u0131. 1000 gol rakam\u0131na ula\u015fan ilk ve tek oyuncudur.<\/p>\n<p>1984 &#8211; Joan Benoit (ABD) ilk kad\u0131n olimpiyat maratonunu 2 saat 24 dakika 52 saniyede kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>2012 &#8211; Usain Bolt (Jamaika), Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131nda\u00a0100m ve 200m &#8216;de 2008, 2012, 2016 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 kez \u00fcst \u00fcste \u00fc\u00e7 alt\u0131n madalya kazanan ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>105 &#8211; Cai Lun (\u00c7in) ilk ka\u011f\u0131t yapan insan oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1440 &#8211; Johannes Gutenberg (Almanya), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk matbaa bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kitaplar\u0131n seri \u00fcretimini yapan ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1455 &#8211; Gutenberg \u0130ncili, Johannes Gutenberg taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa&#8217;da hareketli tip matbaa ile bas\u0131lan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/ilk-kitap\/\">ilk kitap<\/a> oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1597 &#8211; Jacopo Peri (\u0130talya) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk operas\u0131\u00a0Dafne&#8217;yi\u00a0 \u0130talya&#8217;da Floransa&#8217;da yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1917 &#8211; Original Dixieland Jazz grubu ilk \u201ccaz\u201d kayd\u0131n\u0131 \u201cLivery Stable Blues\u201d ile yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1927 &#8211; Al Jolson ilk sesli filmin \u201cCaz \u015eark\u0131c\u0131\u201d ba\u015frol uyuncusu oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1939 &#8211; Franklin D. Roosevelt &#8211; Televizyonda konu\u015fan ilk ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1955 &#8211; Nat King Cole &#8211; \u201cNat King Cole Show\u201d ile ilk Afro-Amerikan Amerikan Televizyon \u015fovunu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>2000 &#8211; Amazon ve Microsoft, ilk e-kitap okuyucular\u0131ndan birini yapmak i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, PC i\u00e7in \u00fccretsiz bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m olan Glassbook ebook okuyucuyu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1817 &#8211; Karl von Drais (Almanya), modern bisiklet i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fc olan ilk \u201ctahta at\u201d prototipini in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n<p>1830 &#8211; George Stephenson, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleraras\u0131 demiryolu Liverpool ve Manchester Demiryolu&#8217;nu in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n<p>1837 &#8211; Isambard Kingdom Brunel, transatlantik olarak hizmete giren ilk vapur olan \u201cGreat Western\u201d i in\u015faa etti.<\/p>\n<p>1885 &#8211; John Kemp Starley, ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvenlik bisikletini\u201d \u00fcretti &#8211; bug\u00fcn bisikletlerde kullan\u0131lan standartlara olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1885\/86 &#8211; Karl Benz, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk benzinli i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan el yap\u0131m\u0131 otomobilini in\u015fa etti ve test etti.<\/p>\n<p>1887 &#8211; John Dunlop, \u00f6nce bisikletlerde ve daha sonra motorlu ara\u00e7larda kullan\u0131lan ilk pratik pn\u00f6matik lasti\u011fi icat etti.<\/p>\n<p>1892 &#8211; Rudolf Diesel (Almanya) ilk dizel motoru icat etti.<\/p>\n<p>1961 &#8211; Yuri Gagarin (Rus), 12 Nisan 1961&#8217;de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi etraf\u0131nda bir tur atarak uzayda seyahat eden ilk ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1969 &#8211; Neil Armstrong ve Buzz Aldrin, Apollo program\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak aya \u00e7\u0131kan ilk insanlar oldular.<\/p>\n<p>1963 &#8211; Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova &#8211; Rus kozmonot <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/uzaya-cikan-ilk-kadin\/\">uzaya \u00e7\u0131kan ilk kad\u0131n<\/a> oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1553 &#8211; Queen Mary I &#8211; \u0130ngiltere&#8217;nin 1. krali\u00e7esi oldu<\/p>\n<p>1608 &#8211; Juliana Morell (\u0130spanyol rahibe) Doktora derecesi kazanan ilk kad\u0131n &#8211;\u00a0Hukuk Doktoru oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1865 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836 &#8211; 1917) &#8211; \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ilk kalifiye kad\u0131n doktoru oldu. T\u0131p s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti ve Eczac\u0131lar Derne\u011fi&#8217;nden lisans (LSA) ald\u0131. Kendi muayenehanesini kurdu. 1873&#8217;te \u0130ngiliz Tabipler Birli\u011fi&#8217;ne (BMA) kabul edilen ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1875 &#8211; Stefania Wolicka, modern \u00e7a\u011fda 1875 y\u0131l\u0131nda Z\u00fcrih \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nden onur derecesi alan ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1849 &#8211; Elizabeth Blackwell &#8211; ABD&#8217;de t\u0131p diplomas\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n oldu (Cenevre T\u0131p Kurumu, NY)<\/p>\n<p>1869 &#8211; Arabella Mansfield (ABD) ilk Amerikal\u0131 kad\u0131n avukat oldu. Bir y\u0131l sonra, Illinois&#8217;den Ada H. Kepley, Chicago&#8217;daki Union College of Law&#8217;tan mezun oldu. Bir hukuk fak\u00fcltesinden mezun olan ilk kad\u0131n avukatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1893 &#8211; Elizabeth Yates (NZ), Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;ndaki ilk kad\u0131n belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu, Onehunga Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. O y\u0131l, Kad\u0131nlar, modern demokrasiler i\u00e7in bir ilk olan Yeni Zelanda&#8217;da oy verdiler.<\/p>\n<p>1972 &#8211; Billy Jean King (Tenis\u00e7i) &#8211; Sports Illustrated &#8211; \u201cy\u0131l\u0131n sporcusu\u201d &#8211; onurland\u0131r\u0131lan ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1975 &#8211; Junko Tabei (Japonya) &#8211; Everest da\u011f\u0131na t\u0131rmanan ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1979 Margaret Thatcher &#8211; \u0130ngiltere&#8217;nin ilk Kad\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 (1979-90) oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1988 &#8211; Benazir Butto &#8211; Pakistan&#8217;\u0131n ilk kad\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ve ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke kad\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr bilgisi olarak insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca D\u00fcnyada \u00fcnl\u00fc ilklerin listesi. Co\u011frafi ke\u015fifler, bilim, ula\u015f\u0131m, siyaset, spor, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat alan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ilkler bu listede yer almaktad\u0131r. 1492 &#8211;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toplum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12346"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12346"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12350,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12346\/revisions\/12350"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}