Agnodice (bazen Agnodike olarak da bilinir), Atina’da g\u00f6rev yapan bir doktor ve jinekolog idi. Efsaneye g\u00f6re, bir erkek gibi giyinmek zorunda idi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in t\u0131bbi uygulama yapmak yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Du Chatelet\u2019in bilime en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131mda olan Isaac Newton\u2019un Principia\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131zca \u00e7evirisi idi. 43 ya\u015f\u0131nda, gen\u00e7 bir subaya a\u015f\u0131k oldu ve hamile kald\u0131; \u00c7ocu\u011funun do\u011fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda komplikasyonlar\u0131 takiben \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Maria Agnesi, bir kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ilk matematik kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Hala bulunabilir olan kitap kalk\u00fcl\u00fcs alan\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fc bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu. Matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir zaman resmi olarak g\u00f6rev yapamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Alman astronomu. Astronomik nesnelerin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hesaplanmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yeni kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve bulutsular belirledi. Ayr\u0131ca y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Erkek karde\u015fiyle birlikte \u0130ngiltere’ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra bilimsel yaz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccret verilen ilk kad\u0131n oldu. 1828’de, Kraliyet G\u00f6kbilim Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan gece g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 onurland\u0131r\u0131lan ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz bilim kad\u0131n\u0131. Somerville, manyetizman\u0131n etkilerine dair bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilim kitaplar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nd\u0131. 1827’de Somerville, bilimsel prensiplerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kolay a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yazmas\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik edildi. \u0130lk kitab\u0131 \u201cG\u00f6klerin Mekanizmas\u0131\u201d, G\u00f6ksel Mekani\u011fin ve Newton\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalr\u0131 \u00fczerine idi. Ayr\u0131ca co\u011frafya, fizik bilimleri ve Molek\u00fcler bilimler \u00fczerine pop\u00fcler kitaplar yazd\u0131. Caroline Herschel ile 1835’te Kraliyet Astronomi Derne\u011fi’ne se\u00e7ilen ilk kad\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n
Tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 anlamada \u00f6nemli rol oynayan \u0130ngiliz paleontolog. \u0130ngiltere’nin g\u00fcneybat\u0131 sahilinde (Lyme Regis civar\u0131nda) fosiller toplad\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli fosil koleksiyonunu ke\u015ffetti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 jeologlar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu, ancak kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ondokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n bilimsel toplulu\u011funa kabul edilmedi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz matematik\u00e7i. Lord Byron’un k\u0131z\u0131, Lovelace matematik ve mant\u0131\u011fa ilgi duydu ve ilk bilgisayar algoritmalar\u0131ndan biri olan Analitik Motor veya Fark Makinas\u0131n\u0131n mucidi Charles Babbage ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ada Lovelace, bilgisayarlar\u0131n sadece hesaplama makinelerinden daha fazlas\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Mitchell, 1847’de teleskopuyla bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 belirledi. Astronomi g\u00f6zlemleri ile Amerikan astronomisinin \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. D\u00fcnyada onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, Danimarka Kral\u0131’ndan madalya kazand\u0131 ve Amerikan Sanat ve Bilim Akademisine se\u00e7ilen ilk kad\u0131n oldu.\u00a0Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ndeki ilk kad\u0131n astronomi profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere’de do\u011fan Blackwell, Amerika’da t\u0131p diplomas\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k t\u0131bbi sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Blackwell, sosyal engelleri y\u0131karak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n doktor olarak kabul edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131n hekimlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc. Engellerin ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcstesinden geldi ve \u0130ngiltere’de kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilk kad\u0131n doktor oldu. Anderson ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131n doktorlara e\u011fitim verecek ilk e\u011fitim kolejinin kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti.<\/p>\n
Polonyal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i ve kimyac\u0131. Curie radyasyonu ke\u015ffetti ve r\u00f6ntgen alan\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti. Hem Kimya hem de Fizik’te Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanan ilk ve tek ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p>\n
Radyoaktivite ve n\u00fckleer fizik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Avusturyal\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7li fizik\u00e7i. 1939’da Meitner ve Otto Hahn, uranyumun n\u00fckleer fizyonunu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi ve bunun, enerjinin muazzam bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tahmin etti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 hem n\u00fckleer santrallerin hem de n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n temeli oldu. Yahudi kimli\u011fi nedeniyle,\u00a0Nazi i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki Avusturya dan hayat\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7’e ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Pierre ve Marie Curie’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131 olan Ir\u00e8ne, ebeveynlerinin ayak izlerini takip etti. 1925 doktora tezi, annesinin ke\u015ffetti\u011fi iki \u015feyden biri olan alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fczerineydi. Gelecek y\u0131l, Paris’teki Radium Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde annesinin yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot’la evlendi. Ir\u00e8ne ve Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, atomun yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak laboratuvarda i\u015fbirli\u011fine devam ettiler. 1934’te al\u00fcminyum, bor ve magnezyumun alfa partik\u00fclleri ile nitrojen, fosfor, silikon ve al\u00fcminyum izotoplar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yapay radyoaktiviteyi ke\u015ffettiler. Gelecek y\u0131l kimyada Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ald\u0131. 1956’da l\u00f6semiden \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Amerikal\u0131 botanik\u00e7i. Onun \u00f6nc\u00fcl ke\u015fifleri, m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n kromozomlar\u0131n\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. McClintock ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genetik d\u00fczenini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilen DNA’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan transpozonlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetti; bunlar atlama genleri olarak bilinirler. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in 1983’te Nobel T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amerikan bilgisayar bilimcisi. Hopper, Harvard Mark I bilgisayar\u0131nda programc\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hopper, \u0130ngilizce’yi bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilir kod haline getiren ilk derleyiciyi geli\u015ftirdi. Derleyici yeni programlama dillerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu ve end\u00fcstri standard\u0131 haline geldi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn hala kullan\u0131lan bir programlama dili olan COBOL’un yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ABD Donanmas\u0131’nda amiral olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amerikan bilim kad\u0131n\u0131, muhafazakar ve yazar. Rachel Carson, bilgisini \u00f6nc\u00fc bir \u00e7evreci olmak i\u00e7in kullanan bir deniz biyolo\u011fu idi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Silent Spring (1962), reg\u00fcle edilmemi\u015f pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tehlikelerini vurgulad\u0131. Modern ekolojik hareketin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Virginia Apgar obstetrik ve anestezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan bir doktordu. Yenido\u011fan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan Apgar Yenido\u011fan Puanlama Sistemini geli\u015ftirdi ve ayr\u0131ca bebeklerde anestezi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 inceledi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz kimyager. Hodgkin, hem penisilin hem de daha sonraki ins\u00fclin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kritik ke\u015fifleri \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131. Bu ke\u015fifler sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flad\u0131. Se\u00e7kin bir kimyac\u0131 olan Dorothy ayr\u0131ca hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f hareketine ve n\u00fckleer silahs\u0131zlanmaya adad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli bir Amerikal\u0131 deneysel fizik\u00e7iydi. Manhattan Projeleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve gaz dif\u00fczyon yoluyla uranyum b\u00f6lme s\u00fcrecine dahil oldu. N\u00fckleer fizik alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu ve 1978’de Fizik’te Wolf \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amerikan biyokimyac\u0131 ve farmakolog. Elion, AIDS tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan (AZT) gibi \u00f6nemli yeni ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Ayr\u0131ca organ naklini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bast\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve Herpes vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc tedavi etmek i\u00e7in yeni ila\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirdi. 1988’de, George H. Hitchings ve Sir James Black ile \u201cila\u00e7 tedavisinin \u00f6nemli yeni ilkeleri\u201d dal\u0131nda T\u0131pta Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
DNA ve RNA’n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamada \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar yapan \u0130ngiliz Kimyager, DNA \u00e7ift sarmal\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Franklin ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve vir\u00fcslerin kimyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kuzey \u0130rlandal\u0131 astrofizik\u00e7i. 1967’de y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ilk radyo pulsarlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Bir pulsar, y\u00fcksek oranda manyetize edilmi\u015f bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 veya beyaz c\u00fcce olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bu ke\u015fif nedeniyle bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine di\u011fer gezegenlerde ya\u015fam olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1974’te amirleri Antony Hewish ve Martin Ryle, Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ald\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olarak Burnell’in de \u00f6d\u00fcl almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, Burnell, Nobel komitesinin karar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duydu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bilim Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 veya Bilim alan\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunan kad\u0131n bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n listesi Agnodice (M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) Agnodice (bazen Agnodike olarak da bilinir), Atina’da g\u00f6rev yapan bir doktor ve jinekolog idi….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12356"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12356"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12369,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12356\/revisions\/12369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}