{"id":133,"date":"2010-12-19T01:18:55","date_gmt":"2010-12-18T23:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imaxi.net\/?p=133"},"modified":"2018-02-28T17:16:20","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T15:16:20","slug":"istatistigi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=133","title":{"rendered":"\u0130statistik kim buldu, kurucusu kim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1662 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Londral\u0131 tuhafiyeci <strong>John Graunt<\/strong>, \u00f6l\u00fcm raporlar\u0131 \u00fczerine bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131 ve ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin hangi nedenle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 say\u0131larla saptayarak yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu, n\u00fcfus verilerinin istatistiksel analizine ilk \u00f6rnek oldu. \u00a0Graunt, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi\u00a0 y\u0131llarda bile, kalabal\u0131k kentlerde \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fum oran\u0131ndan \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu, k\u0131rsal y\u00f6relerde ise b\u00f6yle bir durumun s\u00f6z\u00a0 konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1693 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u0130ngiliz <strong>Edmund Halley<\/strong>, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara ait verileri de\u011ferlendirerek, her bin ki\u015fiden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ya\u015fayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir \u00e7izelge yapt\u0131. Bu tabloya g\u00f6re, 598 ki\u015fi, 20 ya\u015f\u0131na, 445 ki\u015fi ise 40 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar\u00a0 ya\u015fayabilecekti. Halley&#8217;in tablosu, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda faaliyete ge\u00e7en ilk sigorta \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan ya\u015fam sigortas\u0131 isteyen m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgili rizikolar\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de ticari ve siyasal alanda\u00a0 pek \u00e7ok karar, istatistik bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumsal nitelikteki olaylarla ilgili say\u0131sal (kantitatif)\u00a0verileri toplamak, bu verileri analiz etmek ve bunlardan politikaya ili\u015fkin sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda\u00a0kullan\u0131lan matemati\u011fe dayal\u0131 bilim dal\u0131. \u00d6zellikle, sosyal bilimlerde ve biyoloji ve t\u0131p alanlar\u0131nda\u00a0kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Toplum olaylar\u0131yla onlar\u0131 etkileyen de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcn\u00e2sebetler hakk\u0131nda\u00a0genellemeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verir.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u015fei, Romaimparatorlu\u011funa kadar dayanan say\u0131sal (kemm\u00ee) bilgi toplama faaliyeti ilk def\u00e2 1748\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda Achenwall, devletle (status) ilgili bilgi anlam\u0131na gelen istatistik olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak\u00a0do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve evlenme olaylar\u0131 incelenmesi yoluyla demografi (n\u00fcfus bilim) olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0istatistik, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle iktisat ve di\u011fer sosyal bilim alan\u0131nda geni\u015f bir tatbikat sahas\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1662 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Londral\u0131 tuhafiyeci John Graunt, \u00f6l\u00fcm raporlar\u0131 \u00fczerine bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131 ve ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin hangi nedenle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 say\u0131larla saptayarak yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu, n\u00fcfus verilerinin istatistiksel analizine ilk \u00f6rnek oldu. \u00a0Graunt,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[762],"class_list":["post-133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-istatistik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=133"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6744,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions\/6744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}