{"id":1393,"date":"2011-01-27T07:15:02","date_gmt":"2011-01-27T05:15:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1393"},"modified":"2018-02-28T01:42:50","modified_gmt":"2018-02-27T23:42:50","slug":"daktiloyu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1393","title":{"rendered":"Daktiloyu kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir d\u00f6nem olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olan daktilo h\u0131zl\u0131 ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn yaz\u0131 yazman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 konumunda bulunuyordu. Bilgisayar ve yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ya art\u0131k raflarda veya dolaplarda yer alan daktilonun icat edilmesi bir \u00e7ok denemenin sonucunda olmu\u015ftur. Pratikte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 veren ilk daktilo, 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n Reggio Emilia y\u00f6resinden <strong>Pellegrine Turri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Turri, g\u00f6zleri g\u00f6rmeyen arkada\u015f\u0131 Kontes Carolina Fantoni&#8217;nin rahatl\u0131kla yazabilmesi i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Turri ve Fantoni, bu ayg\u0131t\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcre mektupla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Kontesin, 1808-1810 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda daktiloyla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar\u0131n 16 tanesi, halen Reggio eyalet ar\u015fivlerinde saklanmaktad\u0131r. Daktilonun teknik yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak elimizde hi\u00e7bir bilgi yok. Ancak eldeki mektuplar\u0131n incelenmesiyle, bu daktilonun 27 tu\u015fu bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu tu\u015flardan 23 tanesi, \u0130talyan alfabesindeki harfleri, d\u00f6rt tanesi de noktalama i\u015faretlerini ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Seri \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan ilk daktilo ise Danimarka&#8217;da &#8220;Skrivekugle-Yazan Top&#8221; ad\u0131yla 1870 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayg\u0131t\u0131n mucidi <strong>Pastor Malling Hansen<\/strong> idi. \u00dcretimini ise Kopenhag&#8217;daki Jurgens Mekaniske Establissement tesisleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Pirin\u00e7 ve \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lan bu daktilonun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 80 kilo civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00dczerinde 52 tu\u015f vard\u0131. 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere&#8217;de sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fiyat\u0131 100 sterlindi. Hansen&#8217;in bulu\u015fu olan daktilolar, Avrupa&#8217;da ve Amerika&#8217;da sat\u0131ld\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok modeli Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Hem b\u00fcy\u00fck, hem de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harf yazabilen ilk daktiloyu, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York&#8217;taki Remington firmas\u0131 \u00fcretti. 1883 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kanada&#8217;n\u0131n Toronto kentinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Hortor firmas\u0131, kullanan ki\u015finin yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi ilk daktiloyu yapt\u0131. Portatif ilk daktilo ise 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD&#8217;nin Stamford kentinde Blickensderfer firmas\u0131nca, Blick No7 modeliyle piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ilk portatif daktilonun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 3.5 kiloydu. 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Washington&#8217;daki Cahili Writing Machine Co. \u015firketi, Dr. Thaddeus Cahill&#8217;in bulu\u015fu olan ilk elektrikli daktilonun \u00fcretimini ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u0130lk 40 ayg\u0131t\u0131n maliyeti 157 bin dolar\u0131 bulunca, projeden vazge\u00e7ildi. 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Blickensderfer \u015firketi, ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 elektrikli daktilo \u00fcretimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk daktilo kursu ise 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York&#8217;ta daktilo \u00fcretimi yapan YWCA firmas\u0131n\u0131n merkez b\u00fcrosunda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk sekiz kursiyer han\u0131m, yeteneklerinden \u00e7ok, konuya olan istekleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak se\u00e7ildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hi\u00e7 kimse, alt\u0131 ay gibi k\u0131sa bir zamanda, bir &#8220;kad\u0131n\u0131n&#8221; daktilo \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fine inanam\u0131yordu. Ancak, sekiz kursiyer de yeteneklerinden ku\u015fkuya d\u00fc\u015fenleri mah\u00e7up ederek, &#8220;ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131&#8221; oldular ve hemen i\u015f buldular. Ne var ki, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftiriliyordu. Hatta, bu geli\u015fmeyi bir &#8220;ahlak \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc&#8221; olarak de\u011ferlendirenler bile \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yine de k\u0131zlar, y\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bu, ba\u015fka han\u0131mlar\u0131n da konuya ilgi duyabilmek cesaretini g\u00f6stermelerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve YWCA&#8217;n\u0131n kurslar\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir kadro ve \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk daktilo ile yaz\u0131 yazma yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 25 Temmuz 1888 g\u00fcn\u00fc Cincinnati&#8217;de yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve Salt Lake City Federal Mahkemesi&#8217;nin zab\u0131t k\u00e2tibi Frank McGurrin birinci oldu. McGurrin, Remington marka daktilosunu kullan\u0131rken, harflere hi\u00e7 bakm\u0131yor ve 10 parma\u011f\u0131yla yaz\u0131yordu. Rakibi Louis Taub ise, g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Caligraph marka daktilosunun tu\u015flar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ay\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6rt parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliyordu. Bu ona hem 500 dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc, hem de i\u015fini kaybettirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu yar\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde 10 parmak daktilo yazma kurslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve McGurrin gibi daktilo kullanamayanlar zor i\u015f bulur oldular.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir d\u00f6nem olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olan daktilo h\u0131zl\u0131 ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn yaz\u0131 yazman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 konumunda bulunuyordu. Bilgisayar ve yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ya art\u0131k raflarda veya dolaplarda yer alan daktilonun icat edilmesi bir&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,1],"tags":[732],"class_list":["post-1393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-teknoloji","tag-daktilo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1393"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10325,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions\/10325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}