Metro \u015fehrin semtlerini genellikle yer alt\u0131ndan birbirine ba\u011flayan ve elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcratli trenlere ve bunlar\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi t\u00fcnellere verilen\u00a0 isimdir. Metro ihtiyac\u0131 \u015fehirlerin kalabal\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k getirmi\u015ftir. \u015eehir, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yer alt\u0131na do\u011fru geli\u015fmekle hem yerden kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hem de \u015fehir g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Metrolar\u0131n n\u00fckleer sava\u015flarda en uygun bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak oldu\u011fu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse \u00f6nemi daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Metro fikri ilk kez 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Metropolitan Demiryollar\u0131’n\u0131 incelemekle g\u00f6revli komisyonun \u00fcyelerinden Charles Pearson’\u0131n kafas\u0131nda olu\u015ftu. 1853 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere North Metropolitan Railway Co. adl\u0131 \u015firket kuruldu. Mali g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler nedeniyle \u00e7ok zaman yitirildi, ilk kez hatt\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131na 1860 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda, Londra’da, Euston Square’de ba\u015flanabildi. 4 mil uzunlu\u011fundaki ilk hat, 10 Ocak 1863 g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 06.00’da hizmete girdi. Farrington Street ile Paddington ana terminalleri aras\u0131nda yedi istasyon bulunuyordu ve t\u00fcm ula\u015f\u0131m s\u00fcresi 33 dakika idi. Yolcu vagonlar\u0131 gaz lambalar\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131l\u0131yordu ve Daily Telegraph gazetesinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, “Birinci mevki vagonlarda \u0131\u015f\u0131k o denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc ki, insanlar gazetelerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p rahatl\u0131kla okuyabiliyorlard\u0131.” \u0130lk g\u00fcn, 15’erdakika aral\u0131klarla kalkan d\u00f6rder vagonluk alt\u0131 katar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 120 sefer yapt\u0131 ve 30 bin yolcu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n
Metroda kullan\u0131lan ilk elektrikli tren ise 4 Kas\u0131m 1890 tarihinde, Londra’da kent merkezi ile South London’\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan hatta hizmete girdi. O g\u00fcn, Galler Prensi, King William Caddesi’ndeki istasyondan metroya binerek Oval \u0130stasyonu’na kadar gitti.<\/p>\n
Elektrikli metronun halka a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise, 18 Aral\u0131k 1890 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131ld\u0131. Nereye gidilirse gidilsin, yolculardan 2 peni \u00fccret al\u0131n\u0131yordu ve bilet sistemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu \u00fccret, metronun giri\u015finde \u00f6deniyordu. Bu hatta hizmet veren 14 adet d\u00f6rt tekerlekli 12 tonluk elektrikli lokomotifler, Manchester kentinde Mather and Platt \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve her biri \u00fc\u00e7 vagonu saatte ortalama 11.5 mil h\u0131zla \u00e7ekebiliyordu. Her vagonun \u00f6n\u00fcnde ve arkas\u0131nda, metal bir platforma a\u00e7\u0131lan, kayd\u0131rmal\u0131 kap\u0131lar vard\u0131. Bu kap\u0131lar\u0131 her istasyonda tren g\u00f6revlileri a\u00e7\u0131p kapat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hem lokomotif b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hem de ta\u015f\u0131ma k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tek par\u00e7a halinde \u00fcretildi\u011fi ilk motorlu trenler, 18 A\u011fustos 1898 g\u00fcn\u00fc Waterloo and City Railway \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan Waterloo ile Bank aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan metro hatt\u0131nda hizmete kondu. Ara\u00e7lar, ABD’nin Wilmington kentinde Jackson and Sharp firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015fti. Metro giri\u015flerine “jetonlu turnike”lerin ilk konulmas\u0131 ise, 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda otomatik kap\u0131l\u0131 vagonlar hizmete girdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Metro \u015fehrin semtlerini genellikle yer alt\u0131ndan birbirine ba\u011flayan ve elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcratli trenlere ve bunlar\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi t\u00fcnellere verilen\u00a0 isimdir. Metro ihtiyac\u0131 \u015fehirlerin kalabal\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,22],"tags":[734],"class_list":["post-1398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","category-toplum","tag-metro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1398"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1398"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7232,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1398\/revisions\/7232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}