{"id":1404,"date":"2011-02-02T00:27:53","date_gmt":"2011-02-01T22:27:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1404"},"modified":"2018-02-26T00:46:18","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T22:46:18","slug":"elektrik-supurgesini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1404","title":{"rendered":"Elektrik S\u00fcp\u00fcrgesini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektrik S\u00fcp\u00fcrgesini kim\u00a0icat etti.<\/strong>\u00a0 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesi bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc m\u00fchendisi olan\u00a0Hubert Cecil Booth<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. O y\u0131l, Bay Booth bir g\u00fcn Londra’daki St. Pancras tren istasyonunun lokantas\u0131nda otururken, vagonlar\u0131n nas\u0131l temizlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makineler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6revliler vagonlar\u0131 temizliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak makine ne denli g\u00fc\u00e7le \u00fcflerse \u00fcflesin, havaya kalkan tozlar, bir s\u00fcre sonra yeniden koltuklar\u0131n \u00fczerine iniyorlard\u0131. Bu durumu g\u00f6ren Bay Booth, \u00fcfleme sisteminin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, makinelerin tam tersine, tozlan emmeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00c7evresindekiler, b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bunun \u00fczerine cebinden bir mendil \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve oturdu\u011fu deri koltu\u011fun \u00fczerine torba \u015feklinde koydu. A\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 beze dayad\u0131 ve h\u0131zla i\u00e7ini \u00e7ekti. Mendili eline ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda koltu\u011fa de\u011fen k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tozlarla kaplanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Daha sonra bu sistemi geli\u015ftirdi ve “emici s\u00fcp\u00fcrge makinesi”nin ilk prototipini o y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yapmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Vacuum Cleaner Co. Ltd adl\u0131 bir \u015firket kurdu ve 25 \u015eubat 1902 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Booth, \u015firketini tan\u0131tan ilk bro\u015f\u00fcrleri bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde, pek az evde elektrik <\/a>ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve emici elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesinin fiyat\u0131 da herkesin alamayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar pahal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu nedenle Booth, \u00fcretti\u011fi makineleri satmak yerine bir temizlik servisi kurmay\u0131 ak\u0131l etti. D\u00f6rt tekerlekli bir atl\u0131 araban\u0131n \u00fczerine akaryak\u0131t ya da elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir emici pompa yerle\u015ftirdi. Bu pompa, isteyen m\u00fc\u015fterinin evinin \u00f6n\u00fcne kadar arabayla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. 230 metre uzunlu\u011fundaki hortum, birinci kat pencerelerinden birinden binan\u0131n i\u00e7ine sokulduktan sonra t\u00fcm hal\u0131, perde ve d\u00f6\u015femeler \u00fczerindeki tozlar emiliyordu. BBC’de kendisiyle yap\u0131lan bir programda, Booth, ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n tek olumsuz y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Zira pompa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlarda, \u00e7evreden ge\u00e7en atlar \u00fcrk\u00fcyor, arabac\u0131lar \u00e7ok zor durumlarda kal\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Booth’un s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesi, en \u00f6nemli i\u015flevlerinden birini, 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 VII.Edward’\u0131n “ta\u00e7 giyme t\u00f6renleri”nde yerine getirdi. Kral’\u0131n ta\u00e7 giyece\u011fi kilisede t\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Birden, yerdeki a\u00e7\u0131k mavi hal\u0131 d\u00f6\u015femenin son derece tozlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Kral, ta\u00e7 giymek i\u00e7in bu zemine diz \u00e7\u00f6kemezdi. \u00dcstelik, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemlerle kiliseyi s\u00fcp\u00fcrerek temizlemek i\u00e7in de vakit \u00e7ok ge\u00e7ti. Booth, bu durumu haber al\u0131nca, t\u00f6reni d\u00fczenlemekle g\u00f6revli saray yetkilisine giderek, yard\u0131m \u00f6nerisinde bulundu. Bir saat sonra, Booth’un arabas\u0131, kilisenin \u00f6n\u00fcne getirildi ve dev hortum s\u0131ralar\u0131n aras\u0131nda dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Olay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Kral \u00e7ok memnun oldu ve Buckingham Saray\u0131’nda kendisi ve Krali\u00e7e Alexandra i\u00e7in de bir “g\u00f6steri” d\u00fczenlemesini istedi. Bu g\u00f6steriden sonra Booth, makine satmama politikas\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak zorunda kald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kez sipari\u015f, bizzat Kral’dan geliyordu ve \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden biri, Buckingham Saray\u0131’na, di\u011feri de Windsor \u015eatosu’na, iki adet emici s\u00fcp\u00fcrge sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kraliyet ailesinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu ilgi, Londra sosyetesine de yans\u0131makta gecikmedi. \u0130ngiliz soylular\u0131, bu yeni ayg\u0131t\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yararl\u0131 bir temizlik arac\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir g\u00f6steri unsuru olarak da kabul ediyorlard\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok soylu ailenin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi suarelerde, Booth’un \u015firketinden gelen g\u00f6revlilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 temizlik, ilgiyle izlenen bir g\u00f6steri niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Hal\u0131lar\u0131n ve perdelerin temizleni\u015fini soylular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zevkle izledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenen Booth, \u015feffaf bir hortum takarak, sosyete mensubu ki\u015filerin kendi pisliklerini daha iyi g\u00f6rebilmelerini, b\u00f6ylece daha \u00e7ok zevk alabilmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131 (!)<\/p>\n

Elektrikli “ev tipi” ilk portatif s\u00fcp\u00fcrge, 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda San Francisco’da Chapman and Skinner taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 46 kilo olan bu makinenin bir benzeri de, ertesi y\u0131l Booth’un Londra’daki tesislerinde \u00fcretildi.<\/p>\n

Toz torbas\u0131, sap\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan portatif elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgeleri<\/strong>nin ilki de 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’nin Ohio eyaleti, Canton kentinde, James Murray Spangler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Spangler, bu ilk makinesinde, toz emici torba olarak kar\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ricalar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda alabildi\u011fi bir yast\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn, bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu Spangler’in bulu\u015funu g\u00f6ren hem\u015ferisi J.\u00a0Herbert\u00a0Hoover<\/strong>, bu harika makineye b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi duydu. As\u0131l mesle\u011fi, ko\u015fum yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak, otomobillerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, onun i\u015fine olan ilgisini azaltm\u0131\u015f, Hoover de yeni bir i\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015fti. Ne yap\u0131p etti ve Spangler’den elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesinin yap\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda, tanesi 70 dolardan ilk modellerini piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu yeni ayg\u0131ta olan ilgi \u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131 ki, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Hoover, Kanada’da ayr\u0131 bir fabrika a\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131. Oradan da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ayg\u0131t\u0131n bulucusu olan Spangler’in ad\u0131 silinip giderken, Hoover ad\u0131 yaln\u0131zca elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesinin simgesi olmakla kalmad\u0131, bir\u00e7ok dilde elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesiyle temizlik yapmaya “Hooverlemek” dendi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektrik S\u00fcp\u00fcrgesini kim\u00a0icat etti.\u00a0 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk elektrik s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesi bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc m\u00fchendisi olan\u00a0Hubert Cecil Booth taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. O y\u0131l, Bay Booth bir g\u00fcn Londra’daki St. Pancras tren istasyonunun lokantas\u0131nda otururken,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10090,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[644,737,249,2280,2279,2281,984],"class_list":["post-1404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","tag-elektrik","tag-elektrikli-supurge","tag-hali-supurgesi","tag-hoover","tag-hubert-cecil-booth","tag-james-murray-spangler","tag-supurge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1404"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5002,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404\/revisions\/5002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}