{"id":1467,"date":"2016-11-12T01:45:36","date_gmt":"2016-11-11T23:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1467"},"modified":"2016-12-30T12:09:31","modified_gmt":"2016-12-30T10:09:31","slug":"tanki-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1467","title":{"rendered":"Tank\u0131 Kim Buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tank\u0131 icat eden ilk ki\u015fi Lancelot de Mole, 13 Mart 1880 – 6 May\u0131s 1950 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Avustralyal\u0131 bir m\u00fchendis ve mucittir.
\n1912’de, 1914 ve 1916’da, \u0130ngiliz makamlar\u0131na tank ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sundu. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, zaman\u0131ndan \u00f6nceydi; \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1912’de b\u00f6yle bir askeri araca duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve, \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcrokratik sorunlar nedeniyle tank konusu kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015fta Kullan\u0131lan \u0130lk Tank<\/h2>\n

Sava\u015fta ilk tank 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130ngiliz birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fransa’n\u0131n Somme y\u00f6resinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015fkomutan Sir Douglas Haig, 1 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc 100 tank\u0131 Somme cephesine g\u00f6ndermeyi umuyordu.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, imalat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 aksakl\u0131klar nedeniyle, Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015f\u0131na kadar ancak 49 tank cepheye ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labildi. \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fmalara ise yaln\u0131z 32’si kat\u0131labildi. Haig, tanklardan yararlanarak sava\u015f\u0131 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirmeyi ama\u00e7layan m\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerine katk\u0131da bulunmay\u0131 umuyordu. Tanklar\u0131n toplu halde tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli hareket edilmesini istedi. Ama komutanlar\u0131, onlar\u0131 cephe boyunca da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar. Baz\u0131 yerel ba\u015far\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131n, tanklar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131n sona erdirilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmad\u0131. Haig, yine de 1917 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bin tank\u0131n \u00fcretilmesini emretti.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z ordusunda tank, ilk kez 16 Nisan 1917 g\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat sonu\u00e7, tam bir hezimet oldu. 132 tanktan 57’si daha ilk g\u00fcn Alman top\u00e7usunun yo\u011fun ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ate\u015fiyle sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Tank Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/h2>\n

Tarihin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck tank sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, 20 Kas\u0131m 1917 g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 378 \u0130ngiliz tank\u0131, Hindenburg cephesini yararak 4 mil ilerlemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Fakat Alman top\u00e7usu ve hesapta olmayan ar\u0131zalar, tanklar\u0131n 146’s\u0131n\u0131 durdurdu. 43 tanesi de barikatlar\u0131 a\u015famadan kald\u0131. Daha sonra Almanlar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme harek\u00e2t\u0131 sonunda, \u0130ngilizler geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

18 Temmuz 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc Frans\u0131z savunmas\u0131, 567 tankla Bat\u0131 cephesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde etti ve bu ba\u015far\u0131 tank\u0131n sava\u015fta ne denli \u00f6nemli bir silah oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 8 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc, 534 \u0130ngiliz tank\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci Somme Muharebesi’nde elde etti\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131, Alman Genelkurmay\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, “Alman ordusunun bu sava\u015fta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en kara g\u00fcn” olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupal\u0131 uluslar tank silahlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdiler. Bu alanda en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 Almanlar elde etti. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Alman panzer birlikleri, \u00fcst\u00fcn manevra yetenekleri ve vurucu g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle, sava\u015f\u0131n kaderi \u00fczerinde etkili oldular.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Tank Sava\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck tank sava\u015f\u0131 ise, 1943 y\u0131l\u0131 Temmuz’unda, Rusya’n\u0131n Kurs b\u00f6lgesinde verildi. Almanlar, 2 bin tanktan olu\u015fan 17 panzer birli\u011fiyle sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7tikleri Rus askerleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgi ald\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece tanklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sona erdi. Bug\u00fcn Avrupa’da NATO’ya ait kuvvetlerin 7 bin tank\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin 20 bin civar\u0131nda tank\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tank\u0131 icat eden ilk ki\u015fi Lancelot de Mole, 13 Mart 1880 – 6 May\u0131s 1950 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Avustralyal\u0131 bir m\u00fchendis ve mucittir. 1912’de, 1914 ve 1916’da, \u0130ngiliz makamlar\u0131na tank…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[2350,776,2904],"class_list":["post-1467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-lancelot-de-mole","tag-tank","tag-tanki-kim-icat-etti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1467"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5716,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467\/revisions\/5716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}