{"id":154,"date":"2010-12-19T12:54:38","date_gmt":"2010-12-19T10:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imaxi.net\/?p=154"},"modified":"2018-02-28T16:23:43","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T14:23:43","slug":"diyalizi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=154","title":{"rendered":"Diyaliz Makinesini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hollanda’da Doktor Wilhelm J.Kolff<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk yapay b\u00f6brek geli\u015ftirildi. B\u00f6ylelikle, ilk kez bir makine, v\u00fccudun \u00f6nemli organlar\u0131ndan birinin yerini al\u0131yordu. Kan, b\u00f6brek yerine bu makineden ge\u00e7iyor ve bu arada d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerden temizleniyordu.<\/p>\n

Kolff’un makinesi, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli tedavi i\u00e7in uygundu. 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, Amerikal\u0131 bilim adam\u0131 Doktor Bolding H.Scribner, Diyaliz arac\u0131 olarak bilinen daha geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6brek makinesini yapt\u0131 ve bu sayede binlerce b\u00f6brek hastas\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131 kurtuldu. Hastalar\u0131n, bu y\u00f6ntemle haftada \u00fc\u00e7 kez 10-12 saat s\u00fcreyle Diyaliz makinesine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 yeterliydi.<\/p>\n

Diyaliz<\/b>, b\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011fi olan ki\u015filerde, v\u00fccutta biriken fazla s\u0131v\u0131 ve at\u0131k maddelerin yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen bir membran (zar) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla temizlenmesi i\u015flemidir.\u00a0B\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011fi \u00e7eken hastalar\u0131n belirli zamanlarda ba\u011flanmak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 suni b\u00f6brek makinesine verilen add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki t\u00fcpten olu\u015fan bu makinenin t\u00fcplerinden biri hastan\u0131n bile\u011findeki atardamar\u0131na, di\u011feri ise toplar damar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. T\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde kan\u0131n d\u00fczenli ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan iki pompa bulunur. Hastan\u0131n zararl\u0131 maddelerle kirlenmi\u015f kan\u0131 birinci t\u00fcple al\u0131n\u0131r ve diyaliz sol\u00fcsyonunun i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7irilerek bu zararl\u0131 maddelerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra temizlenen kan di\u011fer t\u00fcple yeniden damara verilerek diyaliz i\u015flemi sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olur. Fakat diyaliz makinesi kal\u0131c\u0131 tedavi sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n

Diyaliz tedavisinin iki farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hemodiyaliz<\/li>\n
  2. Periton diyalizi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Diyaliz teknolojisinde sa\u011flanan geli\u015fmeler diyalize girenlerde \u00f6ncelikle ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini uzatm\u0131\u015f daha sonra da ya\u015fam kalitesinin artmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de de 2005 sonu istatistiklerine g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 35.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 diyaliz tedavisiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Santrif\u00fcjleme ile ayr\u0131lamayan, \u00e7\u00f6kmeyecek kadar \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanecikleri (kolloitler, \u00e7aplar\u0131 1-100\u00a0nm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen tanecikler) i\u00e7eren s\u0131v\u0131-kat\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in “diyaliz” i\u015flemi uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Diyalizde kan, delik \u00e7aplar\u0131 1-5\u00a0nm olan selofan, hayvan derisi, par\u015f\u00f6men gibi s\u00fczge\u00e7 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren y\u00fczey alan\u0131 geni\u015fyar\u0131-ge\u00e7irgen bir zar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu zardaki deliklerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcller ge\u00e7ebilirken daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve gerekli molek\u00fcller (proteinler veya kolloidler) ge\u00e7ememektedir.<\/p>\n

    T\u0131pta,\u00a0hemodiyaliz<\/b>,\u00a0fist\u00fcl,\u00a0greft\u00a0ya da\u00a0kateter\u00a0ad\u0131 verilen uygun bir\u00a0vask\u00fcler\u00a0giri\u015f yolu kullan\u0131larak hastadan al\u0131nan kan\u0131n, bir makina ve pompa yard\u0131m\u0131yla diyaliz\u00f6r ad\u0131 verilen bir s\u00fczge\u00e7ten (yapay b\u00f6brek) ge\u00e7irilirken s\u0131v\u0131 ve sol\u00fct i\u00e7eri\u011fini d\u00fczenleyerek hastaya geri verilmesine verilen add\u0131r. Genelde haftada 3 kez 4 saat s\u00fcren seanslar \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Periton diyalizi<\/b>, hastan\u0131n kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funa k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ameliyat ile yerle\u015ftirilen, ince, yumu\u015fak, silikondan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131c\u0131 bir t\u00fcp (kateter) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile verilen \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir\u00a0sol\u00fcsyon\u00a0ile, hastan\u0131n kendi\u00a0kar\u0131n zar\u0131\u00a0(periton<\/i>) kullan\u0131larak hastan\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131n zararl\u0131 maddelerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve v\u00fccuttaki s\u0131v\u0131 dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n

    Periton diyalizi esnas\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u00f6zel sol\u00fcsyon kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funda 4 ila 6 saat aras\u0131 bekletildikten sonra yeni ve temiz sol\u00fcsyonla de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Bu bekleme s\u00fcresi boyunca hastan\u0131n kan\u0131nda bulunan\u00a0\u00fcre,\u00a0kreatin\u00a0gibi v\u00fccuttan at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken maddeler ve v\u00fccutta biriken fazla s\u0131v\u0131 sol\u00fcsyona ge\u00e7er. Bu sol\u00fcsyonun kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011fu i\u00e7ine verilmesi ve tekrar geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemi herhangi bir makina arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fil\u00a0yer \u00e7ekimi\u00a0kuvveti kulln\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu tip\u00a0diyaliz\u00a0i\u015flemine s\u00fcrekli ayaktan periton diyalizi (SAPD) denir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hollanda’da Doktor Wilhelm J.Kolff taraf\u0131ndan 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk yapay b\u00f6brek geli\u015ftirildi. B\u00f6ylelikle, ilk kez bir makine, v\u00fccudun \u00f6nemli organlar\u0131ndan birinin yerini al\u0131yordu. Kan, b\u00f6brek yerine bu makineden ge\u00e7iyor ve bu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[133,135],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-diyaliz","tag-diyaliz-makinesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=154"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10445,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions\/10445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}