Hi\u00e7 kimse ilk u\u00e7urtmay\u0131 nas\u0131l ve kim icat etti bilmiyor fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u00c7in’de u\u00e7urtma u\u00e7uruldu\u011fu biliniyor. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihten bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bu konuda say\u0131s\u0131z s\u00f6ylenti vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, sadece yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihe bakarsak, u\u00e7urtman\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00c7in filozof\u00a0Mozi<\/strong>\u00a0ve \u00c7inli m\u00fchendis Lu Ban<\/strong>‘\u0131n icad\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Mozi<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0M.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 468 ve 376 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6ylentilerden di\u011feri ise, Kungshu Phan adl\u0131 \u00c7inli bir m\u00fchendisin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7urtma, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca hi\u00e7 al\u00e7almadan u\u00e7tu\u011fu idi.<\/p>\n Bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re, bir sava\u015fta, \u00c7inli bir general olan Han Hsin, askerleriyle, ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kale aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in u\u00e7urtma kulland\u0131. M.S. 1000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Uzakdo\u011fu’da insan\u0131 havaya kald\u0131rabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte u\u00e7urtmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. S\u0131k s\u0131k d\u00fczenlenen u\u00e7urtma yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, u\u00e7urtmalar\u0131n ba\u015fka i\u015flevleri de vard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck u\u00e7urtmalar\u0131n kuyruklar\u0131na bir kanca tak\u0131l\u0131r ve bal\u0131k avlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n MS 549’da ka\u011f\u0131ttan yap\u0131lan u\u00e7urtmalar kullan\u0131lamaya ba\u015fland\u0131. O y\u0131l, bir kurtarma g\u00f6revinde mesaj g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in bir ka\u011f\u0131t u\u00e7urtma kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Eski ve orta\u00e7a\u011f \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131 u\u00e7urumlar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7mek, r\u00fczgar\u0131 test etmek, insan kald\u0131rmak, haberle\u015fme i\u00e7in sinyal g\u00f6ndermek, askeri ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flamak ve ayr\u0131ca, in\u015faat s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00e7at\u0131daki ustan\u0131n istedi\u011fi baz\u0131 malzemelerin de u\u00e7urtma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6nderildi\u011fine dair u\u00e7urtman\u0131n di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Modern tarih\u00e7iler, Malezya, Endonezya, Hawaii, Polinezya ve Yeni Zelanda’n\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarihlerinde, u\u00e7urtmalar\u0131n \u00c7in’de ilk kez g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckleri zamana kadar bu alanlarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak icat edilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren kan\u0131tlar buldular.<\/p>\n \u00c7inlilerin u\u00e7urtma u\u00e7urma sevgisinin g\u00f6stergesi olarak Yukar\u0131ya\u00a0Y\u00fckselme adl\u0131 bir festivali vard\u0131r . Her y\u0131l dokuzuncu ay\u0131n dokuzuncu g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7inliler u\u00e7urtma u\u00e7urup bu festivali kutlarlar.<\/p>\n U\u00e7urtmalar sonunda Asya’dan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na do\u011fru yol ald\u0131. Marco Polo’nun, \u00c7in’e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geziler sonras\u0131nda u\u00e7urtmay\u0131 Avrupa’ya getirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n Avrupal\u0131lar, u\u00e7urtmay\u0131 Hollandal\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131d\u0131lar. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise, t\u00fcm Avrupa u\u00e7urtma hastas\u0131 oldu. 1800’lerde Bristol’da George Pocock adl\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dev u\u00e7urtma, d\u00f6rt-be\u015f yolcuyu saatte 30 kilometrelik bir h\u0131zla kald\u0131rabilecek g\u00fc\u00e7teydi.<\/p>\n Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra bilim adamlar\u0131 u\u00e7urtmalar\u0131 deney yapmak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak kulland\u0131lar. Alexander Wilson, atmosferin y\u00fcksek kesimlerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in u\u00e7urtmalara termometre takt\u0131 ve deneyler yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Zamanla u\u00e7urtma, yaln\u0131zca e\u011flence arac\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bilime de b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulundu. Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fiminde u\u00e7urtman\u0131n yeri yads\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, etkisini uzay teknolojisinde bile g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130lk U\u00e7urtmay\u0131 kim, ne zaman icat etti? Hi\u00e7 kimse ilk u\u00e7urtmay\u0131 nas\u0131l ve kim icat etti bilmiyor fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u00c7in’de u\u00e7urtma u\u00e7uruldu\u011fu biliniyor. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihten…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[139,2442],"class_list":["post-158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-ucurtma","tag-ucurtmayi-ilk-kim-buldu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=158"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12338,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158\/revisions\/12338"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}