{"id":1602,"date":"2011-04-02T23:19:36","date_gmt":"2011-04-02T21:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1602"},"modified":"2018-02-26T02:03:46","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T00:03:46","slug":"mikrodalga-firini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=1602","title":{"rendered":"Mikrodalga F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Kim Buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikrodalga F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti.<\/strong> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir \u015feyler pi\u015firmenin en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en kolay yolu mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan ge\u00e7iyor. Y\u0131llard\u0131r bir \u00e7ok evin mutfa\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 pi\u015firmesi nedeniyle \u00f6nemli bir yer tutuyor. Mikrodalga radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n polarize s\u0131v\u0131 molek\u00fcllerini harekete ge\u00e7irmesi, h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden molek\u00fcllerin birbirleri ile olan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Mikrodalgan\u0131n Bulunu\u015fu<\/h2>\n

Askeri elektronik cihazlar \u00fcreten Raytheon \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fchendis Percy Spencer<\/strong> 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda radar <\/a>vakum t\u00fcpleri i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Laboratuar\u0131nda denemeler yaparken cebinde bulunan \u00e7ikolatan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p eridi\u011fini farketti. Bundan sonra patlam\u0131\u015f m\u0131s\u0131r ve yumurta ile ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 denemeler yapt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Dr. Percy Spencer, mikrodalgan\u0131n yiyecek \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini tesad\u00fcfen ke\u015ffetmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Percy Spencer<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, g\u0131dalar\u0131n metal bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7ine konulduklar\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n, belli t\u00fcrde molek\u00fcllere n\u00fcfuz etti\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131 hareketlendirdi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Sadece g\u0131day\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan mikrodalgalar\u0131n, molek\u00fcler veya genetik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek ya da maddeyi radyoaktif hale getirecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131ktan sonra yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Raytheon \u015firketi 8 Ekim 1945 tarihinde bu yeni teknolojinin patentini al\u0131p 2 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 340 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Radarange ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Boston, Massachusetts de bir restoranda f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n testlerini yapt\u0131 ve seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ti. Fiyatlar\u0131 5000 $ civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu ilk f\u0131r\u0131nlar, hastaneler ve oteller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Raytheon 1952 de sadece mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in Tappan Stove ad\u0131nda bir \u015firket kurdu. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc buzdolab\u0131 \u00fcreticisi Amana’y\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n tezgah \u00fcst\u00fc modellerini \u00fcretti. Mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim maliyeti 495 $ a kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1970\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, bir\u00e7ok firma evde kullanmak amac\u0131yla mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n<\/strong> \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve maliyetler d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Art\u0131k, mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nlar, farkl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar ve ihtiyaca g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikleri ile standart bir ev arac\u0131 haline geldiler. Bu \u00f6zellikler daha iyi pi\u015firme i\u00e7in d\u00f6nen tabaklar, dijital zamanlay\u0131c\u0131lar, oto-programlama \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve buzu \u00e7\u00f6zme, esmerle\u015ftirme, \u0131s\u0131tma ve ba\u015fka bir s\u00fcr\u00fc fonksiyon i\u00e7in ayarlanabilir pi\u015firme g\u00fcc\u00fc haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Boyutlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nlar fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ucuzlamas\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler hale geldi. 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika’da her d\u00f6rt evden birinde mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n vard\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda bu say\u0131n\u0131n %90 oldu\u011fu\u00a0 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mikrodalga F\u0131r\u0131n Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nlar elektrik ve manyetik alanlar\u0131n birle\u015fimi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve bo\u015flukta hareket edebilen enerjiyi i\u00e7eren elektromanyetik dalga boyuna ait ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Spektrum genelde dalgalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 dalgaboylar\u0131 (frekans) ve emisyon, transmisyon davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En uzundan en k\u0131sa spektrum elektrik ve radyo dalgalar\u0131, mikrodalga, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131n, mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m, X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, gamma \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve elektromanyetik kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 kapsar. Mikrodalga frekanslar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 0.3 ile 30 cm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mikrodalgalar\u0131n belli \u00f6zellikleri onlar\u0131n yemek pi\u015firmede kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan verir. Bunlar plastikten, camdan ve ka\u011f\u0131t maddelerden ge\u00e7ebilirler; metallerden yans\u0131r ve g\u0131dalar (\u00f6zellikle s\u0131v\u0131lar) taraf\u0131ndan emilirler. Geleneksel f\u0131r\u0131na konan yemek, etraf\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131nan havay\u0131 emerek yava\u015f\u00e7a \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Mikrodalgalar, \u00f6te taraftan, yiyece\u011fi \u00e7ok daha \u00e7abuk \u0131s\u0131t\u0131rlar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn katmanlara ayn\u0131 anda n\u00fcfuz ederler. Herhangi bir yiyecekteki ya da bir kaptaki s\u0131v\u0131 molek\u00fcllerini hareketlendirerek \u0131s\u0131t\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Tasar\u0131m<\/strong>
\nTemel mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 basittir, hepsi benzer mant\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n elektronik motorlar\u0131, r\u00f6leleri, kontrol devreleri, f\u0131r\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funun monte edildi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f kaplama i\u00e7ine monte edilirler. \u00d6n panel, kullan\u0131c\u0131ya mikrodalgay\u0131 ayarlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunar ve kapak \u00fczerindeki cam \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yiyece\u011fi izlemeye yarar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elik f\u0131r\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011fu \u00fczerinde manyetron, y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 mikrodalga sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 yayan elektronik t\u00fcp yerle\u015ftirilir. Bu da mikrodalgalar\u0131 yarat\u0131r. Mikrodalgalar metal dalga y\u00f6nlendirici ile d\u00f6nen fana iletilir. Fan, dalgalar\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7ine e\u015fit yayar. \u00dcreticilerin tasar\u0131mlar\u0131, mikrodalgalar\u0131 daha iyi da\u011f\u0131tmak \u00fczerine de\u011fi\u015fir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 duvarlarda bulunan \u00e7ift fan kullan\u0131rken baz\u0131lar\u0131 mikrodalgalar\u0131n hem yukar\u0131dan hem de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan girmesini sa\u011flayan giri\u015f bo\u015fluklar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ek olarak, bir\u00e7ok f\u0131r\u0131n taba\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Ham madde<\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131nlar genelde tek par\u00e7a katlanm\u0131\u015f metalden yap\u0131l\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 panelleri ve kapaklar, galvanizli ya da paslanmaz \u00e7elikten yap\u0131l\u0131rlar ve genelde akrilik emaye ile kaplan\u0131r. Yemek pi\u015firme y\u00fczeyi, \u00e7o\u011funlukla seramik ya da camdan yap\u0131l\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde elektromekanik yap\u0131lar ve kontrol bile\u015fenleri bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca, metalden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manyetron t\u00fcp, dalga y\u00f6nlendirici ve fan bulunur.<\/p>\n

Mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer f\u0131r\u0131nlardan ay\u0131ran \u00f6zellik<\/h2>\n

Standart \u0131s\u0131tma metotlar\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131, g\u0131da maddesine kond\u00fcksiyon (madde veya cismin bir taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer taraf\u0131na \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iletilmesi ile olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 transferinin bir \u00e7e\u015fidi) veya radyasyon ile transfer olur. Mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nda ise; \u0131s\u0131 direkt g\u0131da maddesinin i\u00e7ine girer. Bu y\u00fczden mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nda daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r ve pi\u015firme, ha\u015flama, kurutma, past\u00f6rizasyon, buz \u00e7\u00f6zme, sterilizasyon gibi i\u015flemler daha \u00e7abuk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Mikrodalga \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verimi, di\u011fer \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lardan daha \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu ve bunun sonucunda enerji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toplu t\u00fcketim yap\u0131lan i\u015fletmelerin, i\u015fletmecileri taraf\u0131ndan da talep g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0 Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131nlar do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e \u00f6nemini her zaman koruyacak teknolojik \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mikrodalga F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir \u015feyler pi\u015firmenin en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en kolay yolu mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan ge\u00e7iyor. Y\u0131llard\u0131r bir \u00e7ok evin mutfa\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 pi\u015firmesi nedeniyle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10142,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[823,824,2286],"class_list":["post-1602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","tag-mikrodalga","tag-mikrodalga-firin","tag-percy-spencer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1602"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10143,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions\/10143"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}