U\u00e7ma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi insanlar i\u00e7in hep bir hayal olmu\u015ftu. Balonun icad\u0131 bu hayali ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrse de yeterli gelmemi\u015fti. U\u00e7ak, balona oranla \u00e7ok uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra icat edilebildi. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n icad\u0131<\/strong> konusundaki geli\u015fmelerin yava\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri uygun bir motor bulunamamas\u0131 ve u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131na dayand\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131yd\u0131. Ornikopter denen kanat \u00e7\u0131rpan hava ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck zaman ve emek kayb\u0131 olmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emedi.<\/p>\n 1804 y\u0131l\u0131nda Geroge Cayle bir plan\u00f6r yapt\u0131 ve iki ayr\u0131 plan\u00f6rle u\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. U\u00e7ma denemeleri yapan havac\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kontrol etme yerine do\u011fal dengeyi dikkate elma yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda Otto Lilienthal yaln\u0131zca beden hareketleri ile u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eteyi denedi ve 230 metreye kadar u\u00e7u\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar Amerika, \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya’da pek \u00e7ok u\u00e7u\u015f denemesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Octave Chanute 1896 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Amerika’da hem u\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 hem de hareketsiz kanatl\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f ilkelerini yaymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Octave Chanute’un\u00a0havac\u0131l\u0131k konusunda kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bilgileri toplay\u0131p aktarmas\u0131na kadar \u00a0havac\u0131l\u0131k dura\u011fan seyretti.<\/p>\n 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Orville ve Wilbur Wright karde\u015fler yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk plan\u00f6re yandan denetimle b\u00fck\u00fclebilen kanatlar tak\u0131ld\u0131. U\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farabilen Wright karde\u015fler bile u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kontrol etmenin zorlu\u011funu fark etmi\u015flerdi. 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orville ve Wilbur Wright karde\u015fler ilk motorlu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 icat edene kadar bir \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z deneme oldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve denemeler konusundaki bilgileri toplayan Wright karde\u015fler yararl\u0131 bulduklar\u0131 fikirleri uygulamaya koyarken, iti\u015f, kald\u0131rma, pervanelerin etkileri, diren\u00e7, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve yap\u0131m konusunda kendi hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc plan\u00f6rlerinde uygun bir g\u00f6vde yapmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Bundan sonra u\u00e7aklar\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7 verecek bir otomobil<\/a> motoru aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar fakat istedikleri g\u00fc\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131na sahip bir motor bulamad\u0131lar. Kendileri bir motor yaparak ilk u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 17 Aral\u0131k 1903 te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler.\u00a0Orville ve Wilbur Wright karde\u015flerin u\u00e7u\u015f denemesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f denemelerinden 9 ay \u00f6nce ilk motorlu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n patentini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Wright karde\u015fler icat ettikleri u\u00e7akla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk denemede yerden 10 feet y\u00fcksekte toplam 120 metre yol alm\u0131\u015flar ve 12 saniye havada kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Wilbur Wright ‘\u0131n notlar\u0131nda, George Cayley, Octave Chanute, Samuel Langley ve Otto Lilienthal’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan yard\u0131m ald\u0131klar\u0131, u\u00e7urtmalar, plan\u00f6rler ve ku\u015flar\u0131 deneylerinde\u00a0 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hatta deneyleri i\u00e7in kendi r\u00fczgar t\u00fcnellerini in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. M\u00fckemmel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yakalayana kadar y\u00fczlerce deney yapm\u0131\u015flar, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak kabul edilen Octave Chanute ile payla\u015farak onun tavsiyelerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n hikayesi eski yunan ve hindu hikayelerinde hayvan ve arabalar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda u\u00e7an adamlardan bahsedilmektedir. M.\u00d6. 400 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunan filozof, matematik\u00e7i ve mimarlar\u0131n buhar ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve 600 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar \u00e7\u0131kan u\u00e7an bir alet yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair rapolar vard\u0131r. Bu raporlar tam olarak do\u011frulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Wright karde\u015fler motorlu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ilk mucitleri olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Her ne kadar ilk motorlu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 icat edenler Wright karde\u015fler olsa da u\u00e7ak ile ilgili daha eski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bir g\u00f6z atmakta fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kay\u0131tlar 11. yy da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Eilmer adl\u0131 bir ke\u015fi\u015fin plan\u00f6r denemeleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. U\u00e7ma denemeleri yapan bir ba\u015fka isim ise \u015eair Abbast\u0131r. Ku\u015flar\u0131n u\u00e7ma kodeksi ve u\u00e7ak tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 ile Leonardo Da Vinci de u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tarihinde yer almaktad\u0131r.17. yy da\u00a0 Hazerfen Ahmet \u00c7elebi kanat takarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 u\u00e7ma denemesi ile tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 18. yy da Francoise Pilatre de Rozier’in bir balon \u00fczerinde u\u00e7ma denemeleri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n John Montgomery adl\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 bir bilim adam\u0131 1883 y\u0131l\u0131nda kontroll\u00fc bir plan\u00f6r yapmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Her hangi bir itici g\u00fcc\u00fc yani motoru olmayan t\u00fcm denemeler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u00a0 Wright karde\u015flere y\u00f6n g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Fransada bulunan Uluslararas\u0131\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k\u00a0Federasyonu (F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale A\u00e9ronautique) taraf\u0131ndan Wright karde\u015flerin u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak u\u00e7abilen ilk u\u00e7ak olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 2 y\u0131l sonra 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Wright karde\u015fler daha fazla kontrol imkan\u0131 olan ve daha istikrarl\u0131 olarak u\u00e7an Wright Flyer III ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikler u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. U\u00e7ak art\u0131k bir sava\u015f aleti halini alm\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f silah\u0131 olarak potansiyelini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Almanlar ve m\u00fcttefikleri sava\u015f silah\u0131 olarak u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a etkili kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n bitimi ile birlikte u\u00e7aktaki geli\u015fim hem askeri hem de ticari alanlarda h\u0131zla devam etmi\u015ftir. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda atlantik okyanusunu ge\u00e7en ilk u\u00e7ak yolculu\u011fu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Amerika’dan Kanadaya ticari bir u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda u\u00e7aklarda kullan\u0131lan jet motoru icat edilmi\u015f 2. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na kadar \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. 2. d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda Jet motorlu u\u00e7aklar \u00f6nemli yer tutmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chuck Yeager X-1 adl\u0131 u\u00e7ak ile ses duvar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak u\u00e7ak teknolojilerinde bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda jet motorlar yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mada ve ticari u\u00e7aklarda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1960 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra jet motor t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n icad\u0131 ve devam eden tarihsel geli\u015fimi insan o\u011flunun seyahat tarz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde u\u00e7ak ile seyahat etmek hayat\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" U\u00e7ak kim taraf\u0131ndan ne zaman icat edildi? U\u00e7ma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi insanlar i\u00e7in hep bir hayal olmu\u015ftu. Balonun icad\u0131 bu hayali ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrse de yeterli gelmemi\u015fti. U\u00e7ak, balona oranla \u00e7ok uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[832,827,833,834],"class_list":["post-1605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-orville-wright","tag-ucak","tag-wilbur-wright","tag-wright-kardesler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1605"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11082,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605\/revisions\/11082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0130lk Plan\u00f6r U\u00e7ak<\/h2>\n
Orville ve Wilbur Wright Karde\u015fler<\/h2>\n
U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u0130cad\u0131 ile ilgili\u00a0di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/h3>\n
1. D\u00fcnya Savas\u0131 ve Sonras\u0131 U\u00e7ak<\/h3>\n