ALFABE, Belirli bir dili yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131 d\u00fczenine ve yaz\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fc i\u015fa\u00adretlere alfabe denilir. Alfabe s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yunan alfabesinin ilk iki harfi olan alfa ve beta s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin birle\u015ftirilmesinden meydana gel\u00admi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde alfabe yerine kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan abece s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde t\u00fcretil\u00admi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Alfabeyle yaz\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131\u00adn\u0131n bulunu\u015fu alfabeden, daha do\u011frusu alfabelerden daha \u00f6nce\u00adye rastlar. Hemen hemen her dile bir tane d\u00fc\u015fecek kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da alfabe vard\u0131r. Genellikle bunlar aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mlar ol\u00adduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce bulu\u00adnan yaz\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla insan, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 say\u0131daki s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin an\u00adlam\u0131n\u0131, i\u015faret ve resimlerle anlatmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem\u00adlerde ya\u015fam olduk\u00e7a ilkel ve yazmak hen\u00fcz bir gereksinim de\u011fildi. \u0130leti\u015fim i\u00e7in gerekli olan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin say\u0131s\u0131 da, ilkel ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok azd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hayvanlar\u0131n kar\u00adma\u015f\u0131k bir konu\u015fma diline gerek\u00adsinme duymay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve yaz\u0131 yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu ol\u00admay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece ilkel olmas\u0131, yaln\u0131z tehlike, a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi birka\u00e7 ilkel duyuma sahip olmalar\u0131, ara\u00e7 kul\u00adlanmamalar\u0131 ve bu nedenle de nesnelere ad verme zorunlulu\u00ad\u011funda olmamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Alt\u0131 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin insanlar\u0131 yap\u0131 ola\u00adrak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131 gibi olmak\u00adla birlikte, yine de \u00e7ok ilkeldi\u00adler. Yaz\u0131yla anlatmalar\u0131 gereken \u015feylerin say\u0131s\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131. Ome\u011fin kral, kendisinin g\u00fcne\u015f kadar g\u00fczel ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve bunu yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmek isterse, yapaca\u011f\u0131 tek \u015fey, bir\u00adta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczetine kendi resmini ve yan\u0131na da g\u00fcne\u015f \u015feklini kazd\u0131r\u00admakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131 olarak bile tan\u0131mlanamayan bu ilkel yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcne “piktogram<\/strong>” (grama, Yunancada bir kavram\u0131n grafik anlat\u0131m\u0131. yani yaz\u0131 demektir) ad\u0131 verilir. Piktogram resme ve \u00e7izime da\u00adyan\u0131r. \u0130lkel piktogramdan, za\u00admanla \u015fekillerle anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7 kavramlar\u0131 anlatmaya yarayan ve “ideogram” ad\u0131 veri\u00adlen i\u015faretlere ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Kral\u0131n g\u00fczel oldu\u011funu anlatmak, daha do\u011frusu yazmak kolayd\u0131r, ama kral\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve iyi kalpli oldu\u011funu da yazmak g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte ak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131k ve iyilik gibi soyut kavramlar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kla\u00adyabilmek amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131, yeni i\u015faretlerle zenginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan “hiyeroglif”<\/strong>, olduk\u00e7a \u00e7ok sa\u00ady\u0131daki kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ba\u00ad\u015faran hiktogram ve ideogramlar\u00addan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Ancak hiyeroglif de yeterli de\u00ad\u011fildi. Yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fck uydurmak, yeni i\u015faretler uydurmaktan daha kolayd\u0131. Yaln\u0131z \u00c7inliler, \u00fcnl\u00fc sab\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7ok sa\u00ady\u0131da ideogram \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015far\u00adm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, bu birbirle\u00adrinden de\u011fi\u015fik ideogramlar arac\u0131\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla her s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yazabilecek d\u00fczeye gelmi\u015flerdir. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00c7in alfabesi, yakla\u015f\u0131k seksen bin i\u015faretten olu\u015fur. \u00c7inlilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu alfabenin tama\u00adm\u0131n\u0131 ezbere bilmezler. Yaln\u0131zca iki \u00fc\u00e7 bin i\u015fareti kullanarak anla\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Bu sistem, insanlar\u0131n yeni ideo\u00adgram \u00fcretmekten yorgun d\u00fc\u015fme\u00adlerine de\u011fin s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bulu\u015flara bir d\u00fczen getiren ve daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n yararlanmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayan ilk basit alfa\u00adbeyi d\u00fczenleyenler Yunanl\u0131lard\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu alfabenin yap\u0131\u00adm\u0131 \u0130sa’dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine rastlar. Yunanl\u0131lar ay\u00adr\u0131ca g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan yaz\u0131 d\u00fczeniyle, yani harfleri soldan sa\u011fa s\u0131ralayarak yazan ilk top\u00adlumdur. Araplar ise tam tersine, sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yazarlar. Bu arada ba\u015fka uygarl\u0131klar da kendi alfabelerini d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece; heceye dayal\u0131, yani her i\u015faretin bir heceyi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi al\u00adfabeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alfa\u00adbeler ideogramlara oranla \u00f6nem\u00adli bir ilerlemedir, ama giderek daha fazla say\u0131da harfe gerek g\u00f6sterirler. Ayr\u0131ca yaln\u0131z sessiz harflerden olu\u015fan ve sesli harfle\u00adrin az kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 diller i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli alfabeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alfabe art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmaz duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00adm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ruslar\u0131n ve Bulgarlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 “kiril” alfabesi bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131lanlar i\u00e7inde en son ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan alfabedir. Bu alfabeye kiril alfabesi denilme\u00adsinin nedeni Aziz Kirillus ta\u00adraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu din adam\u0131 alfabeyi, \u0130ncili Slav dillerine \u00e7evirmek amac\u0131yla kul\u00adlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Latin alfabesi de H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en tan\u0131nan ve en \u00e7ok kul\u00adlan\u0131lan alfabesi durumuna gel\u00admi\u015ftir. Bundan ba\u015fka \u0130span\u00adyollar, Frans\u0131zlar ve \u0130ngilizler gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc egemenlikleri alt\u0131na alan \u00fclke\u00adlerin alfabesi olmas\u0131 da Latin al\u00adfabesinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda etken olmu\u015ftur. Latin alfabesinin ku\u00adsursuz ve her topluma uygun ol\u00addu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler OrtaDo\u011fu ve Anadolu’ya yerle\u015ftikten sonra y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l Arap harflerini kul\u00adlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar , d\u00f6ne\u00adminde sanat, edebiyat ve bilim yap\u0131tlar\u0131 hep Arap harfleri ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat Arap harfleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye uymuyordu. Bu neden\u00adle okuma yazmada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekilmekteydi. Atat\u00fcrk bu \u00f6nemli sorun \u00fcst\u00fcnde durmu\u015f, T\u00fcrk bilim adamlar\u0131 ve yazarlar\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015farak Latin k\u00f6\u00adkenli bir alfabe d\u00fczenlenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1 Kas\u0131m 1928’de kabul edilen T\u00fcrk Alfabesi okur yazar oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131nda \u00f6nem\u00adli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ALFABE, Belirli bir dili yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131 d\u00fczenine ve yaz\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fc i\u015fa\u00adretlere alfabe denilir. Alfabe s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yunan alfabesinin ilk iki harfi olan alfa ve beta s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin birle\u015ftirilmesinden…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,1],"tags":[608,3180,1077,1078,3178,3179,3177,86],"class_list":["post-17076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","category-teknoloji","tag-alfabe","tag-fenikeliler","tag-harf","tag-harfler","tag-hiyeroglif","tag-ideogram","tag-piktogram","tag-yazi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17076"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17076"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17078,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17076\/revisions\/17078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fenikeliler ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h3>\n
giderek \u015fekiller daha gariple\u015f\u00admeye ve anla\u015f\u0131lmazla\u015fmaya ba\u015f\u00adlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonunda s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn an\u00adlam\u0131n\u0131 veren i\u015faretler yerine, bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturan sesleri a\u00e7\u0131kla\u00ady\u0131c\u0131 i\u015faretlerin daha ak\u0131ll\u0131ca oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015fun kime ait oldu\u011fu bilin\u00admemektedir. Belki M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar<\/strong> hiyerogliflerini daha zenginle\u015f\u00adtirmek ve kusursuz bir duruma gelmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, belki s\u00fcrekli yolculuk yapmak ve yaz\u0131 yazmak zorunda olan Fenikeliler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan getirildi\u011fi konusunda tam bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\nYunanl\u0131lar\u00a0<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcrk Alfabesi<\/h3>\n