AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM, Kimyasal bir ele\u00admenttir. Periyodik sistemin 3A grubunda yer al\u0131r. Atom numa\u00adras\u0131 13. atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 26, 97; yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,7 gr\/santimetrek\u00fcp olan bir metaldir. 659,7\u00b0C’de er\u00adgir ve 2300 \u00b0C’de kaynar. Yer\u00adkabu\u011funun % 7’sini olu\u015fturan al\u00fcminyum, demir gibi do\u011fada s\u0131k rastlanan bir element olmak\u00adla birlikte serbest halde bulun\u00admaz. Endllstride al\u00fcminyum elde etmekte kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli bile\u015fikleri sulu al\u00fcminyum ok\u00adsitlerinden olan boksit mineral\u00adleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerdir.<\/p>\n
Al\u00fcminyum uygarl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ol\u00adduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6neminde bulun\u00admu\u015ftur. llk kez Sir Humhphry Davy<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1809 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u00fcminyum oksit elde edilmi\u015f, metal ise 1824 y\u0131l\u0131nda Danimarkal\u0131 profes\u00f6r, fizik\u00e7i ve kimyager Hans Christian \u00d8rsted\u00a0<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri olduk\u00e7a pahal\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle elde edilen al\u00fcmin\u00adyum dinamolar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p elektroliz y\u00f6nteminin uygulan\u00admas\u0131yla birlikte daha ucuz elde edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok ha\u00adfif, dayan\u0131kl\u0131, iletken, kolay \u0131s\u0131nmayan, kolay ergitilebilen ve ekonomik olarak \u00fcretilebilen al\u00fcminyumun; mutfak e\u015fyas\u0131n\u00addan, para kasas\u0131na, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131na kadar yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Al\u00fcminyum elektroliz yoluyla boksitten elde edildikten sonra, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131nlarda belli oranlarda bak\u0131r, titanyum, manganez, magnezyum, silikon gibi kimi elementler eklenerek iyile\u015ftirme i\u015fleminden ge\u00e7irilir. B\u00f6ylelikle istenilen nitelikleri sa\u011flayan al\u00fcminyum tllrleri elde edilir. Teknolojik kullan\u0131m alan\u0131nda \u00e7elikten sonra ikinci s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131r. Diren\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7eli\u011finkiyle ayn\u0131\u00add\u0131r. \u00c7ok daha hafif olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00fcretiminde elektrik kul\u00adlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7elikten d\u00f6rt kat pahal\u0131ya elde edilmesi al\u00fcmin\u00adyumun kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u00adlayan . \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri\u00addir. Ancak \u00f6yle kullan\u0131m alan\u00adlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ki burada al\u00fcmin\u00adyumun yerini hi\u00e7bir maden tuta\u00admaz. U\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131nda, otomobil motor bloklar\u0131nda ve pistonlar\u00adda al\u00fcminyum kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni; dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra son derece hafif olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Do\u011fal olarak, bu da, motor ener\u00adjisinden tasarruf sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n Al\u00fcminyum ve t\u00fcrlerinin ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de kolay a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Havayla temas eden al\u00fcminyum y\u00fczeyi ince bir oksit tabakas\u0131yla kaplan\u0131r. Bu tabaka \u00f6zel i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irilerek metalin direnci art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle hava etkilerine s\u00fcrekli a\u00e7\u0131k olan kap\u0131, pencere \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri kaplama levhalar\u0131n\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre dayanabilmeleri i\u00e7in anodize edilmi\u015f al\u00fcminyum kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir iletken olan al\u00fcminyum elektrik end\u00fcstrisinde yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Galvanize \u00e7elik telle desteklenmi\u015f saf al\u00fcminyumtel y\u00fcksek gerilimli ak\u0131m\u0131 uzak mesafelere ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, al\u00fcminyumun kimi metallaerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar genellikle kimyasal etkilere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve kolay i\u015flenebilir niteliktedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" AL\u00dcM\u0130NYUM, Kimyasal bir ele\u00admenttir. Periyodik sistemin 3A grubunda yer al\u0131r. Atom numa\u00adras\u0131 13. atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 26, 97; yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,7 gr\/santimetrek\u00fcp olan bir metaldir. 659,7\u00b0C’de er\u00adgir ve 2300 \u00b0C’de kaynar. Yer\u00adkabu\u011funun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-is-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17079"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17080,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079\/revisions\/17080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}