{"id":2274,"date":"2011-12-20T17:47:44","date_gmt":"2011-12-20T15:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2274"},"modified":"2016-12-25T16:25:52","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T14:25:52","slug":"isigin-sapmasini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2274","title":{"rendered":"I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sapmas\u0131’n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aberasyon<\/strong> yani \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sapmas\u0131 astronomide bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ek yerinden farkl\u0131 bir yerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi olay\u0131na verilen add\u0131r. E\u011fer bir kimse bir y\u0131ld\u0131za bakarsa, bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusu, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 kendisi ile birle\u015ftiren do\u011fru ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaz. Bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusu ile ger\u00e7ek do\u011frultu aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u00e7\u0131 fark\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00a0Bu fark; d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nmesinden, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sonlu olmas\u0131ndan ve atmosferdeki k\u0131r\u0131lmalardan meydana gelir. E\u011fer bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne dik ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck sapma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 20,47 yay saniye olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sapmas\u0131, 1700\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda James Bradley<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Y. Draconis y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini incelerken bulunmu\u015ftur. Bradley, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011farken bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en g\u00fcneyde ve yar\u0131 sene sonra ise g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131m\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en kuzeyde bulundu\u011funu tesbit etmi\u015ftir. Bu ve benzer g\u00f6zlemlerden Bradley, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n yerde\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin daima d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu tesbit etmi\u015ftir. 1729\u2019da Bradley bunu do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bradley, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131ndan ve\u00a0 hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sapmalardan, daha \u00f6nce elde edilmeyen bir hassasl\u0131kla \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bradley\u2019in bu incelemesi, g\u00fcne\u015fin ve di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131na sebep olan en son ilmi a\u00e7\u0131klama olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Optikte, merceklerin kendilerinde bulunan hassalardan dolay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri bozmas\u0131 olay\u0131na da \u201caberasyon\u201d denir. Optik sapma,\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesini ve yerini ideal yerinden sapt\u0131r\u0131r. Ana optik sapmalar; distorsiyon (\u00e7arp\u0131tma), alan\u0131n e\u011frili\u011fi, astigmatizm, boyuna k\u00fcresel sapma, b\u00fcy\u00fctme bozuklu\u011fu ve kromatik sapmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Distorsiyon:<\/strong> Merce\u011fin, e\u015fyan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu uzaydaki konum ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc uzay\u0131nda meydana getirememesidir. A\u00e7\u0131sal ayr\u0131lma ile b\u00fcy\u00fctme oran\u0131nda ve odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fmelerden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak e\u015fya d\u00fczleminde kenarda bulunan do\u011fru, e\u011frilmi\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. E\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7izgisi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc merkezine do\u011fru konkavsa, merce\u011fin negatif distorsiyonu var denir. E\u011fer d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru konkavl\u0131k varsa, merce\u011fin distorsiyonu pozitiftir.<\/p>\n

Alan\u0131n E\u011frili\u011fi:<\/strong> Merce\u011fin, d\u00fczlemde bulunan bir e\u015fyan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczlemde de\u011fil, bir e\u011frilikli y\u00fczeyde meydana getirmesidir. Bunun bir t\u00fcr\u00fcne \u201castigmatizm bozuklu\u011fu\u201d da denir. Boyuna k\u00fcresel sapma: Bir merce\u011fin \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7iren b\u00f6lgesinin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ile odak\u00a0 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimdir. E\u011fer bu sapma odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fckse, di\u011fer mercek b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen net olmayan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerden dolay\u0131 net bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc elde edilemez.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fctme bozuklu\u011fu:<\/strong> Mercekteki ayn\u0131 merkezli daire b\u00f6lgesinin farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmelerinden dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. B\u00f6yle bir bozuklu\u011fun mevcudiyeti, tam eksende bulunmayan bir cismin, hafif kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z \u015fekli gibi bulan\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc meydana getirir.<\/p>\n

Kromatik bozukluk<\/strong>: Merceklerde k\u0131r\u0131lma indisinin, dalga boyu ile de\u011fi\u015fmesinden meydana gelir. Bu ise \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirir. Enine kromatik bozukluk, gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n rengine (veya dalga boyuna) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0 de\u011fi\u015fmesine sebep olur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda farkl\u0131 renkler i\u00e7in odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aberasyon yani \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sapmas\u0131 astronomide bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ek yerinden farkl\u0131 bir yerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi olay\u0131na verilen add\u0131r. E\u011fer bir kimse bir y\u0131ld\u0131za bakarsa, bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusu, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 kendisi ile birle\u015ftiren do\u011fru ile…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1322,1323,1321],"class_list":["post-2274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-aberasyon","tag-isigin-sapmasi","tag-james-bradley"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2274"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2274"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6672,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2274\/revisions\/6672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}