G\u00f6zl\u00fck, g\u00f6zleri iyi g\u00f6rmeyenlerin bakt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyleri daha iyi g\u00f6rmelerine yard\u0131m eden veya g\u00f6zleri korumaya yarayan \u00e7er\u00e7eveye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f camd\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ana malzemesi olan cam\u0131n tarihi 4 500 y\u0131l evveline kadar gidiyor. Antik d\u00fcnya insanlar\u0131n\u0131n optik hakk\u0131nda bilgileri oldu\u011fu, cam\u0131n belirli bir formunun cisimleri b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc fark ettikleri biliniyor. Halta milattan \u00f6nce 1000 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait, b\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cam \u00f6rneklerine Girit’teki kaz\u0131larda rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ne var ki b\u00fcy\u00fctecin cam haline gelmesi \u00e7ok zaman ald\u0131.\u00a0G\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk bulan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu bilinmiyor. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck te\u015fekk\u00fcr bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu, bu parlak bulu\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ra\u011fmen hala s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 koruyor.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00e2rihi \u00e7ok eskidir. Marko Polo 1270 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de ihtiyar ki\u015filerin yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6zl\u00fck kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da Bacon, ya\u015fl\u0131 kimseler i\u00e7in g\u00f6zl\u00fck kullanman\u0131n gereklili\u011finden\u00a0bahsetmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk ilkel g\u00f6zl\u00fckler, saps\u0131z olup burun \u00fczerine oturtulur, iple ba\u011flan\u0131r veya elle tutulurdu.<\/p>\n
Bu ki\u015finin 1250 veya 1280 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Venedik’te ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Orta\u00e7a\u011fda Venedik, \u0130talya’da cam \u00fcretimiyle \u00fcnl\u00fc olan bir yerdi.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kimin buldu\u011fu konusundaki en eski kay\u0131t, 1289 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sandro di Popozo’nun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Trake de Conduite de la Famille” adl\u0131 kitapta bulundu. Popozo, \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: “Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k benden o kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ad\u0131 verilen camlar olmadan ne okuyabiliyor, ne de yazabiliyorum.\u00a0Bu harika ayg\u0131t, g\u00f6rme yetene\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yitiren zavall\u0131 ihtiyarlar i\u00e7in daha yeni bulunmu\u015f.” 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra’da “Tarih Boyunca G\u00f6zl\u00fck” adl\u0131 bir kitap yazan Richard Corson, g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 1287 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyanlar taraf\u0131ndan bulundu\u011funu belirtir. G\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk bulan ki\u015fi olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli isimler \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmekteyse de, bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birisinin do\u011frulu\u011fu hen\u00fcz kan\u0131tlanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerin mercekleri konveks, yani d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckeydi ve sadece yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme problemi olanlar\u0131n i\u015flerine yar\u0131yordu. Uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rme sorunu olanlar\u0131n derdine \u00e7are olacak konkav (i\u00e7b\u00fckey) merceklerin \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi gerekecekti. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tarih i\u00e7indeki geli\u015fmesi olduk\u00e7a yava\u015ft\u0131r.Uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rme sorununu yani miyoplu\u011fu d\u00fczeltecek merceklerin ancak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131labilmesinin sebebi o tarihlerde, g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131 okuma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rememenin o kadar \u00f6nemsenmemesi ve i\u00e7b\u00fckey merceklerin imalinin daha zor ve pahal\u0131 olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.G\u00f6zl\u00fck icat edildikten ancak 350 y\u0131l sonra d\u00fc\u015fmeden y\u00fcz\u00fcn ortas\u0131na tutturulabildi. Asl\u0131nda bu g\u00f6zl\u00fck tarihindeki en son ve \u00f6nemli bulu\u015ftu. Edward Scarlett 1730’da Londra’da sabit g\u00f6zl\u00fck sap\u0131n\u0131 icat etti. Saplar kafaya g\u00f6re ayarlanabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00f6zl\u00fck burun \u00fczerine daha az a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131yor, d\u00fc\u015fme tehlikesi de \u00f6nlenmi\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nceleri bilginler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131rken. On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1784\u2019te Benjamin Franklin iki odakl\u0131 (bifokal) camlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetti ve bundan sonra g\u00f6zl\u00fck cam ve \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli ilerlemeler birbirini t\u00e2kip etti. Prizmalar\u0131 1611\u2019de Kepler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; astigmat camlar ise 1827\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Ancak t\u00fcm bu yava\u015f geli\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa hizmeti b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu, en az\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n ya\u015fama ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131. Matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan, bas\u0131lan kitap ve gazete say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6zl\u00fck l\u00fcks olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p tam bir ihtiya\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\n
14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda \u0130talyanlar g\u00f6zl\u00fck camlar\u0131na belki \u015fekillerindeki benzerlikten dolay\u0131 ‘mercimek’ anlam\u0131nda ‘lenticchie’ ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. \u0130ngilizcesi de ‘lentis’ olan mercimek, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fczy\u0131l g\u00f6zl\u00fck cam\u0131 anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan ‘lens’ ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni de bu sebeple mercime\u011fe dayan\u0131yor.
\n\u0130lk g\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fckkan\u0131 1783’de Philadelphia’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Francis Mc Allister d\u00fckkan\u0131nda g\u00f6zl\u00fckleri bir sepetin i\u00e7ine y\u0131\u011f\u0131yor, m\u00fc\u015fteriler de bunlar\u0131 tek tek deneyerek g\u00f6zlerine uygun geleni al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00f6zl\u00fck, g\u00f6zleri iyi g\u00f6rmeyenlerin bakt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyleri daha iyi g\u00f6rmelerine yard\u0131m eden veya g\u00f6zleri korumaya yarayan \u00e7er\u00e7eveye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f camd\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ana malzemesi olan cam\u0131n tarihi 4 500 y\u0131l evveline kadar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[170],"class_list":["post-228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-gozluk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8532,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions\/8532"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}