{"id":2308,"date":"2012-01-01T22:00:50","date_gmt":"2012-01-01T20:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2308"},"modified":"2017-09-22T23:45:12","modified_gmt":"2017-09-22T21:45:12","slug":"alaskayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2308","title":{"rendered":"Alaska’y\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amerikan\u0131n<\/a> en geni\u015f ve k\u0131rk\u0131nc\u0131 eyaleti olan Alaska, Kuzey Amerika\u2019dan Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru uzanan geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131madad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkenti Juneau olan Alaskan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 1.518.807 km2, n\u00fcfusu ise 521.000\u2019in \u00fczerindedir.\u00a0 Alaska\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey Bat\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k, ikliminin \u00e7ok sert ve ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131na pek elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n okyanusa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, yeralt\u0131 zenginliklerinin ve petrol\u00fcn bol olmas\u0131, stratejik durumunun \u00f6nemi sayesinde\u00a0 Kuzey Kutbunun kalabal\u0131k ve \u00e7ekici b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Alaska, Danimarkal\u0131 Bering taraf\u0131ndan 1741 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffedildi. 1799\u2019da ABD ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ortakla\u015fa kurdu\u011fu bir \u015firket vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, bu iki devletin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline geldi. Bu s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin kendisine faydal\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Rus \u00c7ar\u2019\u0131 \u0130kinci Aleksand\u0131r taraf\u0131ndan 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019ye sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Alaska, B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Alaska K\u00f6rfezi, Bat\u0131da Aleut adalar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011fuda k\u0131y\u0131 adalar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131 yeralt\u0131 madenleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7ok zengindir. 400.000 kilometrekareyi a\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 batakl\u0131klarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Buralar ya\u015fay\u0131\u015fa elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, faydalan\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Alaska, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde bat\u0131ya do\u011fru bir yar\u0131mada \u015feklinde uzan\u0131r. Bat\u0131ya do\u011fru uzanan burnu ile Asya aras\u0131nda Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131 yer al\u0131r. G\u00fcneyi da\u011fl\u0131k, Yukon \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ukur ve d\u00fczl\u00fcklerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzeyi ise tepelik ve yaylal\u0131kt\u0131r. G\u00fcneyde kar ve buzullarla kapl\u0131 olan da\u011flar, gen\u00e7 ve s\u0131rada\u011flar halinde uzan\u0131rlar. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 Mac Knley 6193 metredir. En kuzeyde Brooke Da\u011flar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 da Michelson doru\u011fu olup y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2816 metredir. Alaska Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcney bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131na do\u011fru Aleut S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 uzan\u0131r. Aleut Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 da bu da\u011flar\u0131n bir devam\u0131 ve uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinir. Aleut S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131nda tesiri fazla volkanik yanarda\u011flar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Alaska g\u00f6ller ve akarsular bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. Bering Denizine d\u00f6k\u00fclen Yukon (uzunlu\u011fu 3300 m) Irma\u011f\u0131 ile Kuskovin Nehri \u00f6nemli akarsular\u0131d\u0131r. Yar\u0131madan\u0131n hemen ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda yer alan \u0130llima ve Clark g\u00f6lleri de say\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6llerdendir.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. G\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus iklimi, Kuzey kutup b\u00f6lgesinde kutup iklimi, ortas\u0131nda ise kara iklimi hakimdir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f mikdar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Alaska\u2019n\u0131n topraklar\u0131 \u00e7ok, n\u00fcfusu ise azd\u0131r. Kilometrekare ba\u015f\u0131na 0,2 ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015fer. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri, Anchorge, Fairbonks ve Spenart\u2019t\u0131r. N\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 beyazlar te\u015fkil eder. Bunun yan\u0131nda Eskimo ve K\u0131z\u0131lderililer, \u00c7inli ve Filipinliler de vard\u0131r. Eskimolar her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u015fehirlere gelip buralara yerle\u015fmektedirler. K\u0131z\u0131lderililer, kabileler halinde olmay\u0131p k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015farlar. Halk H\u0131ristiyan olup,
\nprotestan mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir. \u00d6nemli madenleri alt\u0131n, platin, kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve kalayd\u0131r. Orman alanlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015ftir. ABD\u2019nin ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek kapasiteye sahiptir. Ham petrol \u00fcretiminde Texas\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ikinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fletmecili\u011fi ve konservecilik son derece geli\u015fmi\u015f olup, k\u00fcrk ihracat\u0131nda da \u00e7ok ileridir.<\/p>\n

Alaska\u2019da ay\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, bizon, fok bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve evcil b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar bulunur. S\u00fct, \u00f6nemli bir gelir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7iftlik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011feri 5 ile 6 milyon dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Hayvani besin olarak yumurta ile sebzelerden patates ve kabak \u00f6nemli yer tutar.<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geridir. G\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda Seyvart ve Fairbonks aras\u0131nda tek bir demiryolu ile ABD ve Kanada\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan karayolu vard\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131m genellikle u\u00e7ak ve deniz ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amerikan\u0131n en geni\u015f ve k\u0131rk\u0131nc\u0131 eyaleti olan Alaska, Kuzey Amerika\u2019dan Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru uzanan geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131madad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkenti Juneau olan Alaskan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 1.518.807 km2, n\u00fcfusu ise 521.000\u2019in \u00fczerindedir.\u00a0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[1340,1341],"class_list":["post-2308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-alaska","tag-eyalet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2308"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8646,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308\/revisions\/8646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}