{"id":231,"date":"2011-10-14T08:00:28","date_gmt":"2011-10-14T06:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=231"},"modified":"2016-12-25T16:29:29","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T14:29:29","slug":"plastigi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=231","title":{"rendered":"Plasti\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plastik<\/strong> sentetik ve yar\u0131 sentetik malzeme veya nesneleri tan\u0131mlayan genel bir kelimedir. Plastik Yunanca plastisite (kal\u0131planm\u0131\u015f) kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kal\u0131p i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilen maddenin kal\u0131b\u0131n \u015feklini almas\u0131 nedeniyle bu ismi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Plasti\u011fi kim icat etti<\/h2>\n

Plastik, \u0130ngiltere Birmingham’da,\u00a0 “Parkesin” ad\u0131yla, nitrosel\u00fcloz, k\u00e2fur ve alkol\u00fcn kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla Birmingham kentinde Alexander Parkes<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan \u0130cat edildi. O d\u00f6nemlerde plastik yerine kal\u0131pla \u015fekil verilecek malzemeler i\u00e7in kau\u00e7uk kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0Parkes icad\u0131n\u0131 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Uluslararas\u0131 Fuar’da d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6sterdi.\u00a0Onun icad\u0131 bronz madalya kazand\u0131.\u00a0Kau\u00e7u\u011fun maliyetinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Alexander Parkes’in icad\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretimine ise Londra’da, 1866 y\u0131l\u0131nda Parkes taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Parkesine Co. adl\u0131 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fland\u0131. Mucidine g\u00f6re, bu ilk plastik, “ger\u00e7ekten harika” bir maddeydi. Madalya, d\u00fc\u011fme, tarak, b\u0131\u00e7ak sap\u0131, kart kutusu, kitap k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131, kalemlik gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve gerekli e\u015fyalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 hem kolay, hem de kaliteli hale gelmi\u015fti. T\u00fcm bu \u00e7e\u015fitlerle birlikte, plastik kap\u0131 kolu ve aynalar, 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 sergide tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sel\u00fcloid Plastik<\/h2>\n

Plastik’in icad\u0131ndan sonraki ad\u0131m, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde at\u0131ld\u0131. O d\u00f6nemlerde Bilardo \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ard\u0131 ard\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan salonlar ve bilardoda kullan\u0131lan fildi\u015finden yap\u0131lan bilardo toplar\u0131, binlerce filin katledilmesine neden oldu. Hayvan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131 bu zalimli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131lar, ayr\u0131ca \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7inde fildi\u015fi pratik de\u011fildi ve olduk\u00e7a pahal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

John Wesley Hyatt<\/strong> d\u00fckkan\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda esnek ama g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yeni bir plastik t\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffetti.\u00a0Hyatt ke\u015ffi ile bilardo toplar\u0131 yapmay\u0131 denedi. Fakat ilk denemelerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplar\u0131n kullanmak i\u00e7in yeterince sert olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farketti. Daha sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile icad\u0131n\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirdi.\u00a0Hyatt sel\u00fcloit plastik icat eden ki\u015fi olarak 15 Haziran 1869 g\u00fcn\u00fc New York’ta\u00a0patent ald\u0131. \u00a0Wesley, buldu\u011fu plasti\u011fe “sel\u00fcloid” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Seliloid plastik sadece bilardo topu yap\u0131m\u0131nda de\u011fil daha sonralar\u0131 esnek film ve foto\u011fraf yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bakalit Plastik<\/h2>\n

Baskalit plastik sel\u00fcloid plastikten bile daha iyiydi.\u00a0 Tarihe ilk % 100 sentetik plastik olarak ge\u00e7ti. bakalit Plastik New York’ta 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Leo Baekeland<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bulundu.\u00a0Baekeland, kimyasallar ile denemeler yaparken, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131 kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flayan, Bakelizer denilen bir aparat yapt\u0131.\u00a0Bu ekipman ile tamamen sentetik re\u00e7ine icat etti. Buldu\u011fu bu re\u00e7ine eski plastik malzemeler gibi, yeni bir \u015fekil i\u00e7inde kal\u0131planarak \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0Bakalit so\u011fuduktan sonra \u015feklini sonsuza dek bozulmadan koruyordu ve biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bakalit k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede sanayinin her alan\u0131nda standart bir malzeme halini ald\u0131. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r silah yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde plasti\u011fin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan yoktur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plastik sentetik ve yar\u0131 sentetik malzeme veya nesneleri tan\u0131mlayan genel bir kelimedir. Plastik Yunanca plastisite (kal\u0131planm\u0131\u015f) kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kal\u0131p i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilen maddenin kal\u0131b\u0131n \u015feklini almas\u0131 nedeniyle bu ismi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,20,22],"tags":[1261,1258,1262,1263,1260,174,1259,1257],"class_list":["post-231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-ev","category-toplum","tag-alexander-parkes","tag-bakalit","tag-john-wesley-hyatt","tag-leo-baekeland","tag-parkesin","tag-plastik","tag-seluloid","tag-sentetik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=231"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6676,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions\/6676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}