{"id":2318,"date":"2012-01-04T04:19:47","date_gmt":"2012-01-04T02:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2016-12-25T16:03:41","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T14:03:41","slug":"alfa-parcacigini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2318","title":{"rendered":"Alfa Par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyoaktif elementlerin \u00e7ekirde\u011finden yay\u0131nlanan pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc taneci\u011fe verilen add\u0131r. Yunan alfabesinin ilk harfi olan alfa (\u03b1) ile g\u00f6sterilmektirdir.\u00a0 Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 helyum elementinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olup pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc iki protondan ve y\u00fcks\u00fcz iki n\u00f6trondan olu\u015fur.\u00a0 Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 1899 ve 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131nda fizik\u00e7iler <strong>Ernest Rutherford<\/strong> ve <strong>Paul Villard<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0uranyum\u00a0veya\u00a0radyum\u00a0gibi radyoaktif bir \u00e7ekirdek taraf\u0131ndan &#8220;alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131&#8221; olarakta bilinen bir i\u015flem ile yay\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu i\u015flem \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7ekirde\u011fi uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde b\u0131rak\u0131r ve \u00e7ekirdek fazla enerjiyi atmak i\u00e7in gama \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 yapar. Beta \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n tersine alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131na, y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekirdek \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc etki eder. Asl\u0131nda, alfa taneciklerinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fin potansiyelinden kopmaya yetecek kadar enerjisi yoktur ancak, kuantum t\u00fcnellemesi durumu, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin potansiyelinden ka\u00e7malar\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n<p>Radyoaktif bir element bir alfa taneci\u011fi \u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, elementin atom numaras\u0131 2, k\u00fctle numaras\u0131 ise 4 azal\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece alfa taneci\u011fi \u0131\u015f\u0131yan bir element ba\u015fka bir elemente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur. \u00d6rnek olarak atom numaras\u0131 84, k\u00fctle numaras\u0131 210 olan polonyum-210, alfa taneci\u011fi salarak alfa bozunmas\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, atom numaras\u0131 82 olan kur\u015fun- 206\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr veya Radyum elementinin alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 yaparak gaz\u00a0\u00a0 olan\u00a0Radon\u00a0 elementine\u00a0 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Alfa taneci\u011finin h\u0131z\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla enerjisi ve \u00e7ekirdekten ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ne kadar yol alabilece\u011fi bozunan \u00e7ekirde\u011fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir alfa taneci\u011fi, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n onda biri kadar y\u00fcksek bir h\u0131zla \u00e7ekirdekten f\u0131rlamas\u0131na mukabil, maddeye n\u00fcfuz g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan havada ancak 3-13 cm aras\u0131nda yol alabilir. Bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k 4-10 milyon elektron volt aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir enerji miktar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Alfa taneci\u011fi yayan ba\u015fl\u0131ca elementlere, atom numaras\u0131 83 olan bizmuttan daha a\u011f\u0131r elementler ve atom numaras\u0131 60 olan neodim ile atom numaras\u0131 71 olan lutesyum aras\u0131nda yer alan nadir toprak elementleri aras\u0131nda rastlan\u0131r. Alfa bozunmas\u0131yla yar\u0131lanma s\u00fcresi (yar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr) yakla\u015f\u0131k bir mikro saniye ile milyarlarca y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyoaktif elementlerin \u00e7ekirde\u011finden yay\u0131nlanan pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc taneci\u011fe verilen add\u0131r. Yunan alfabesinin ilk harfi olan alfa (\u03b1) ile g\u00f6sterilmektirdir.\u00a0 Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 helyum elementinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olup pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc iki protondan&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1343,1345,2760],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-alfa-parcacigi","tag-ernest-rutherford","tag-paul-villard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2318"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6648,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions\/6648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}