\u0130nsano\u011flunun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe olan merak\u0131 antik zamanlardan beri varolmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakarak nereden geldi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak neredeyse her toplum i\u00e7in bir tutku olmu\u015ftur. Arkeoloji tarihi verilerin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131nda ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Arkeoloji eski zamanlar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn eserlerine ve maddi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na bakarak inceleyen, tarihe yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Yunancadaki arkhaios, eski ve logos, bilim kelimelerinden gelir.<\/p>\n
Arkeolojinin inceleme sahas\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc san\u2019at eserleri, \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, abideler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyalar girer. Bu malzemelere dayanarak eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n tarihini canland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Arkeolojinin temeli, insan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f elle tutulan her eseri inceleyerek, herbiriyle insanl\u0131k tarihinin bir safhas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartmakt\u0131r. Arkeologlar, bu incelemeleri esnas\u0131nda\u00a0 filoloji, antropoloji, jeoloji, etnografya, co\u011frafya, n\u00fcmismatik, sanat tarihi gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131 ilim dallar\u0131ndan geni\u015f \u00e7apta faydalan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi bilinmemekle beraber, insano\u011flu, \u00e7ok eski devirlerden beri ge\u00e7mi\u015fini incelemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. R\u00f6nesansta arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sanat tarihi ile beraber an\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131z Caylus<\/strong> ve Alman Winckelmann,<\/strong> arkeolojiyi ilgi \u00e7ekici ilim haline getirmi\u015ftir. Winckelmann, ayn\u0131 zamanda arkeoloji ilminin kurucusudur.<\/p>\n K.O. M\u00fcller<\/strong> ad\u0131ndaki Alman arkeolog, eserlerin metotlu olarak nas\u0131l incelenece\u011fine dair ilk defa \u00e7ok esasl\u0131 kurallar ortaya koymu\u015ftur. M\u00fcller\u2019e g\u00f6re eserler yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flara, kullanma maksatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; bundan ba\u015fka cinslerine g\u00f6re de tasnif edilmelidir ki, eserin\u00a0 mahiyeti tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilsin. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle M\u00fcller, arkeolojinin geli\u015fmesinde yeni ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Arkeolojinin en \u00e7ok tekam\u00fcl etti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f on dokuzuncu asr\u0131n sonu ile yirminci asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6n Asya\u2019da kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n okunmas\u0131, hiyeroglifin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi; eski medeniyetlere alakan\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ve Mezopotamya\u2019da ba\u015flayan kaz\u0131lar da Orta Asya medeniyetlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede kaz\u0131lar yapan Alman,\u00a0 Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz arkeologlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 saraylar, tap\u0131naklar, kitapl\u0131klar ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, Yunan sanat\u0131n\u0131n eski \u00e7a\u011flardan\u00a0 kalma yegane medeniyet eseri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1950\u2019den sonra ilmi temellere dayal\u0131 olarak Sualt\u0131 arkeolojisi kaz\u0131lar\u0131 da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dalg\u0131\u00e7 elbiselerinin bulunmas\u0131, bu alanda \u00f6nemli ilerleme kaydedilmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Narbonne\u2019deki Augustus tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 13 par\u00e7a mermer s\u00fctunlar\u0131 ve lentolar\u0131 deniz alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk ilmi Sualt\u0131 arkeolojisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, G. Bass ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Antalya-Gelidonya batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Bodrum-Yass\u0131ada bata\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile halen devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130nsano\u011flunun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe olan merak\u0131 antik zamanlardan beri varolmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakarak nereden geldi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak neredeyse her toplum i\u00e7in bir tutku olmu\u015ftur. Arkeoloji tarihi verilerin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131nda ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,22],"tags":[1362,1363,2764],"class_list":["post-2373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-toplum","tag-arkeoloji","tag-kazi","tag-winckelmann"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2373"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7968,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2373\/revisions\/7968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Sualt\u0131 arkeolojisi<\/h2>\n