G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hemen herkes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan t\u00fckenmez kalem, ilk kez 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda Macar heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve gazeteci L\u00e1szl\u00f3 J\u00f3zsef B\u00edr\u00f3<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Biro, o y\u0131llarda Budape\u015fte’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen bir dergi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Bir g\u00fcn, derginin bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 matbaaya<\/a> gitti\u011finde, \u00e7abuk kuruyan m\u00fcrekkeplerin sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 yararlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc ve ilk t\u00fckenmez kalem prototip<\/a>ini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n Biro, bu ke\u015ffi \u00fczerinde daha \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyordu, ama \u00fclkesinde Nazi bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 sonucu Paris’e ka\u00e7t\u0131. Oradan da 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arjantin’e gitti. Lasalo Biro, t\u00fckenmez kalemi bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kafas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karam\u0131yordu. En sonunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu ald\u0131 ve 10 Haziran 1943’te “m\u00fcrekkep damlatmayan” bir kalemin patentini kendi ad\u0131na tescil ettirdi.<\/p>\n O s\u0131rada, Henry Martin<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir \u0130ngiliz, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ad\u0131na baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak \u00fczere Arjantin’e gelmi\u015fti. Martin, bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu Biro ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 ve bulu\u015funa hayran kald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcksekliklerde \u00e7e\u015fitli hesaplar yapmak zorunda kalan havac\u0131lar\u0131n dolmakalem kullan\u0131rken ne denli s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Bu yeni kalem, bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n sonu demekti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fcksekliklerde, hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiminden etkilenmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Derhal kalemin \u0130ngiltere haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve Reading yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki terk edilmi\u015f bir hangarda, \u0130ngiliz Hava Kuvvetleri i\u00e7in t\u00fckenmez kalem yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 17 k\u0131z, ilk bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 30 bin kalem \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131n hepsi sat\u0131ld\u0131. Biro patenti alt\u0131nda halka sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ilk t\u00fckenmez kalemler ise, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Buenos Aires’te Eterpen \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Bir Birle\u015fik Amerikal\u0131 i\u015fadam\u0131 da, bu “b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015f”un ABD’ye aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in faaliyete giri\u015fti. “Su alt\u0131nda yazabilen ilk kalem” olarak reklam edilen t\u00fckenmezler, ABD’de umulan\u0131n da \u00f6tesinde bir ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 29 Ekim 1945 g\u00fcn\u00fc New York’ta Gimbel’s ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda tanesi 12.5 dolardan sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve ak\u015fama kadar tam 10 bin adet sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fckenmez kalemlerin son derece yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ise 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bic firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u0130ngiltere’de 53 milyon Bic t\u00fckenmez sat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu, \u00fclkede kad\u0131n, erkek ve \u00e7ocuk, herkesin bir t\u00fckenmez sahibi olmas\u0131 demekti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fckenmez Kalemi kim icat etti G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hemen herkes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan t\u00fckenmez kalem, ilk kez 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda Macar heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve gazeteci L\u00e1szl\u00f3 J\u00f3zsef B\u00edr\u00f3\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Biro, o y\u0131llarda Budape\u015fte’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1189,1188],"class_list":["post-240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","tag-tukenmez","tag-tukenmez-kalem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=240"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10363,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240\/revisions\/10363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}