{"id":243,"date":"2015-03-14T21:52:23","date_gmt":"2015-03-14T19:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=243"},"modified":"2018-02-26T01:57:04","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T23:57:04","slug":"klimayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=243","title":{"rendered":"Klimay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kliman\u0131n icad\u0131, Klimay\u0131 kim icat etti.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7in’de imparatorlar, Han Hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda insan g\u00fcc\u00fcyle, Tang Hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dev pervanelerle serinlemi\u015flerdir. Fakat bu sistemler sadece saraylarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortam so\u011futma sistemlerinin kurulmas\u0131 elektri\u011fin icad\u0131<\/a> ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda havay\u0131 serinletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan tek y\u00f6ntem, belli bir mek\u00e2ndaki havay\u0131 buzun \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irmekti. Bu y\u00f6ntemle, New York’taki \u00fcnl\u00fc “Madison Square Garden” salonlar\u0131n\u0131 so\u011futmak i\u00e7in her ak\u015fam, d\u00f6rt ton buz kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak yaz g\u00fcnlerinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun s\u0131cak havadaki nemdir ve \u00f6nemli olan nemden kurtulmakt\u0131r. Air-condition<\/strong> terimi bu konuda bir icat\u00a0<\/strong>yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, fizik\u00e7i Stuart W. Cramer<\/strong>‘in 1907’de dokumac\u0131lar i\u00e7in nem kontrol\u00fcyle\u00a0ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sunmas\u0131yla kullan\u0131ma girmi\u015ftir. Havaya belirli oranlarda buhar vermek o g\u00fcnden itibaren “conditioning” olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kliman\u0131n \u0130cad\u0131, Kliman\u0131n Mucidi<\/h2>\n

Ger\u00e7ek anlamda ilk havaland\u0131rma ayg\u0131t\u0131 olan kliman\u0131n, “Air-Condition<\/strong>“\u0131n patenti, 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Willis H. Carrier<\/strong> ad\u0131ndaki Amerikal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0Bu ayg\u0131t, giren havay\u0131 suyla doyuruyor, b\u00f6ylece bir yandan havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 denetlerken, bir yandan da nemlili\u011fi belirli bir d\u00fczeyde tutuyordu. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra, Stuart Crawer<\/strong> adl\u0131 Amerikal\u0131, bu ayg\u0131ta bir de toz filtresi takmay\u0131 ak\u0131l etti.<\/p>\n

1914<\/strong>‘te Willis Carrier<\/strong> ilk ticari air-condition yani klima sistemini kurdu\u011funda isim buradan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Carrier<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ve nemi daima sorunlu olan matbaalar i\u00e7in, so\u011fuk hava verdi\u011fi gibi havan\u0131n nemini de alan bir pervane sistemi geli\u015ftirerek ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1919’da Chicago’da ilk hava so\u011futmal\u0131 sinema a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l New York’un say\u0131l\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinden biri de klima\u00a0takt\u0131rd\u0131. 1925’te sistem tiyatrolara girdi ve 1930’lu y\u0131llarda ABD’de yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de klima sekt\u00f6r\u00fc baz\u0131 devlet tesislerindeki uygulamalar ve tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla kendisini g\u00f6sterdi. ithal \u00fcr\u00fcnler pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7e\u015fidi az ve kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmakla birlikte, yerli sanayi geli\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130lk Klima \u00fcreten firma Tokar’d\u0131. 1960’lar\u0131n sonuna kadar Alarko ve Selnikel’in kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 firma faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1975’te Ye\u015filk\u00f6y Havaliman\u0131’n\u0131n klima sistemini Alarko kurdu. 1980’den sonra turizm, ileti\u015fim, ula\u015f\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler sonucu klima yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Is\u0131tmal\u0131 so\u011futmal\u0131 klima cihazlar\u0131, pompa, hidrofor, br\u00fcl\u00f6r \u00fcreten Alarko’nun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 1997’de \u00fcretime ba\u015flayan Ar\u00e7elik 2-3 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 otellerin taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Sinemalar, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck lokanta, otel, i\u015fyerleri ve dairelerle ba\u015flayan so\u011futma sistemleri kullan\u0131m\u0131, teknolojinin geli\u015fimi ve ucuzlamas\u0131yla eski pervanelerin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc “fan”lar\u0131n yerine ev tipi klimalar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesiyle g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fama girdi. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ar\u00e7elik y\u0131lda 300 bin adet hedefiyle ev tipi klima \u00fcretimine ba\u015flad\u0131. Bireysel klima pazar\u0131 y\u00fczde 50 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcrken merkezi klimada geli\u015fim y\u00fczde 5-10 aras\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kliman\u0131n icad\u0131, Klimay\u0131 kim icat etti.\u00a0\u00c7in’de imparatorlar, Han Hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda insan g\u00fcc\u00fcyle, Tang Hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dev pervanelerle serinlemi\u015flerdir. Fakat bu sistemler sadece saraylarda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1],"tags":[184,186,1847],"class_list":["post-243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","category-teknoloji","tag-havalandirma","tag-klima","tag-willis-carrier"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=243"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10136,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243\/revisions\/10136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}