Yunanca bir kelime olan geometri, kelime anlam\u0131 olarak yerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi demektir. Geometri \u00e7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri vard\u0131. Ancak geometri ismi, bu ilmin ilk sistematik hale gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski Yunanl\u0131larda verilmi\u015f olup, aksiyomatik bir bilim haline gelmesine ra\u011fmen, halen kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 1700 y\u0131l\u0131ndan kalma bir M\u0131s\u0131r papir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde, Ahmes<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir yazar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fu sat\u0131rlar vard\u0131: “Bir uzunluk, kendisinin yedide biri kadar bir ba\u015fka uzunlukla topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 19 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, acaba bu uzunlu\u011fun kendisi ne kadard\u0131r?” Ahmes adl\u0131 yazar, ayn\u0131 papir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00fczerinde, sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc rakamlarla de\u011fil, belirli birtak\u0131m sembollerle yap\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6rnek, bug\u00fcn bilinen cebir kavram\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n Geometriyle s\u0131ras\u0131yla, Tales, Pisagor, Eflatun<\/strong> ilgilenmi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Euclides<\/strong>\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Elemanlar adl\u0131 kitap, geometrinin sistemli bir bilim haline gelmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Euclide geometrisi, ismini M.\u00d6. 300 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu bran\u015f\u0131 kurarak uzay\u00a0geometrisini yeniden d\u00fczenleyen geometrici Euclide\u2019den al\u0131r. Euclide geometrisi Non-Euclide geometriden Euclide\u2019in me\u015fhur be\u015f postulat\u0131 ile ayr\u0131l\u0131r. (Postulat : Dogrulugu ispats\u0131z olarak kabul edilen geomerik ifade<\/strong>) Bunlar paralellik postulatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Non-Euclid geometrinin (\u00d6klid<\/strong>\u2019in k\u00e2nunlar\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fen geometrik teoriler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.) 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, Euclide geometri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen mant\u0131ki t\u00fcmdengelim sistemlerini ve uzay ifadelerini sadece matematik ifadeler kullanarak \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n M.\u00d6. 330 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kurulan \u0130skenderiye, Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinin en etkili k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini uzun y\u0131llar muhafaza etmi\u015f ve burada geometri \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n On sekizinci as\u0131rda paraleller postulat\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne Avrupa\u2019da Papaz Sacheri, Legender, Lambert<\/strong> gibi matematik\u00e7iler ve 19. as\u0131rda Alman Matematik\u00e7i Gauss<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, bu postulat\u0131n \u201ckabul edilebilir\u201d \u00f6zellikteki a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6nermelerden faydalanarak ispat edilemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ortaya koydu. Ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Bolyai<\/strong> (1832)de, Lobachevsky<\/strong> (1855)de \u201cparaleller postulat\u0131\u201d yerine \u201cLobacevski postulat\u0131\u201dn\u0131 (Bir do\u011fruya bir do\u011fru d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her noktadan iki paralel \u00e7izilebilece\u011fini kabul eden postulat) koyarak, yeni bir geometri kurulabilece\u011finin fark\u0131na vard\u0131lar. B\u00f6yece \u201cHiperbolik Geometri\u201d denilen yeni bir geometrinin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n Daha sonra Riemann<\/strong> paralelli\u011fini kabul etmeyen \u201cEliptik Geometri<\/strong>\u201dnin temellerini att\u0131. Geometride ele al\u0131nan b\u00fct\u00fcn mevzular nokta, \u00e7izgi, y\u00fczey ve hacimlerle if\u00e2de edilir. \u015eekilleri bu y\u00f6nlerden ele al\u0131p, \u00f6zelliklerini inceler. Geometrideki bu temel if\u00e2delerden nokta en ilgin\u00e7 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Noktan\u0131n eni, boyu, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, alan\u0131 ve hacmi mevcut de\u011fildir. Bu sebepten de noktan\u0131n m\u00fcstakil bir t\u00e2rifi mevcut de\u011fildir. Ancak iki do\u011frunun kesi\u015fim k\u00fcmesi olarak t\u00e2rif edilebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yunanca bir kelime olan geometri, kelime anlam\u0131 olarak yerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi demektir. Geometri \u00e7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri vard\u0131. Ancak geometri ismi, bu ilmin ilk sistematik hale gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski Yunanl\u0131larda verilmi\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,14],"tags":[188,1336,1478,187,1482,1481,1483,1479,928,1480,1477,1476],"class_list":["post-245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-egitim","tag-cebir","tag-eflatun","tag-euclide","tag-geometri","tag-lambert","tag-legender","tag-lobacevski","tag-oklid","tag-oklit","tag-papaz-sacheri","tag-pisagor","tag-tales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11606,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions\/11606"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}