{"id":253,"date":"2010-12-23T22:02:04","date_gmt":"2010-12-23T20:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=253"},"modified":"2018-02-28T14:59:54","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T12:59:54","slug":"vanilyayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=253","title":{"rendered":"Vanilyay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vanilya<\/strong> yada <strong>vanilin<\/strong> yapay olarak elde edilen ilk baharatt\u0131r. 1874 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Almanya&#8217;da <strong>Dr. William Haarman<\/strong> ve <strong>Prof. Ferdinand Tiemann<\/strong> adl\u0131 iki kimyager, sentetik olarak vanilya elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra, yine bir kimyac\u0131 olan <strong>Karl Reimer<\/strong>, Haarman&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu ikili, yapay olarak do\u011fal vanilyan\u0131n tam tad\u0131n\u0131 veren bir madde \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ilk yapay vanilya, do\u011fal vanilyay\u0131 yeterince sa\u011flayamayan Alman \u00e7ikolata yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1870&#8217;lerde de \u0130ngiltere&#8217;de akide \u015fekeri yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli meyvelerin tatlar\u0131n\u0131 veren sentetik maddeler \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><b>Vanilya<\/b> (<i>Vanilla planifolia<\/i>), Orchidaceae (salepgiller) familyas\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok tropikal \u00fclkelerde yeti\u015ftirilen, t\u0131rman\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6vdeli bir bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Vatan\u0131 Meksika, Madagaskar, Cava ve Antillerdir. Bitkinin yapraklar\u0131 saps\u0131z, yass\u0131 ve etlidir. Meyveleri 15\u201320\u00a0cm uzunlukta, yass\u0131, iki uca do\u011fru incelmi\u015f, parlak siyah\u0131ms\u0131 renkli bir kaps\u00fcld\u00fcr. Kokusu \u00f6zel ve tad\u0131 ac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Vanilya as\u0131l olarak bir ba\u011f bitkisidir. Vanilya ekolojik olarak G\u00fcney Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda Meksika\u2019n\u0131n Atlantik okyanusuna bakan taraf\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Vanilya \u00f6nceleri tap\u0131naklarda koku vermek veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 uzak tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonradan Meksikal\u0131lar Vanilyay\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerine tat vermek amac\u0131 ile kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal ortam\u0131nda vanilya bitkisi Karayiplerden Ekvatorun Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar kendisine yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Ekvatorun her iki taraf\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 derecelik bir alanda yeti\u015ftirilebilmektedir. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 vanilya t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r ancak Bourbon, Tahiti ve Hint Vanilyas\u0131 ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa&#8217;ya vanilyan\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ise Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffinden sonra 1520 y\u0131l\u0131nda kakao bitkisi ile beraber \u0130spanyollar taraf\u0131ndan getirilmesi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Vanilya bundan sonra t\u00fcm \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre Meksika d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir. 1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise vanilyan\u0131n polenizasyonunu o y\u00f6reye \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir ar\u0131 cinsi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan 4 y\u0131l sonra Bourbon adalar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Edmond Albuis taraf\u0131ndan elle polenize etme y\u00f6ntemi bulunmu\u015ftur. Vanilya ekiminden sonra ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131l sonra verir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok fazla i\u015f\u00e7ilik gerektiren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u00c7ubuk ye\u015fil meyve halindeyken yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 ay boyunca tad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 i\u00e7in bekler. Meyve kopar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra hala ye\u015fildir ve hen\u00fcz tam anlam\u0131 ile tad\u0131 ve aromas\u0131 olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tat ancak kurutma i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinden sonra olu\u015fur. Meyve kopar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcne\u015fte kurutulur. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede meyveler s\u0131cak suda bekletildikten sonra g\u00fcne\u015fe konulur. Bu kuruma s\u00fcrecinde meyve yakla\u015f\u0131k\u00a0%20 oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fleme bittikten sonra \u00fcr\u00fcnler ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r 1-2 ay boyunca dinlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Vanilyan\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi, polenizasyonu (polenleme i\u015flemi) ve ekimi hi\u00e7bir makine, kimyasal g\u00fcbre veya tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kullanmadan tamamen elle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Vanilya yeti\u015ftiricileri- ki genelde kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklard\u0131r- e\u011fer yeteri kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarsa g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 ile 2000 aras\u0131 vanilyay\u0131 polenleyebilirler. En fazla i\u015f\u00e7ilik gerektiren zirai \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda D\u00fcnya&#8217;da Safran&#8217;dan sonra en pahal\u0131 ikinci baharatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vanilya yada vanilin yapay olarak elde edilen ilk baharatt\u0131r. 1874 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Almanya&#8217;da Dr. William Haarman ve Prof. Ferdinand Tiemann adl\u0131 iki kimyager, sentetik olarak vanilya elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. \u0130ki y\u0131l&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[1186],"class_list":["post-253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-vanilya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=253"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10401,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions\/10401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}