Toprak tesviyesinde kullan\u0131lan paletli bir i\u015f\u00a0makinas\u0131. Dozer olarak da bilinir. \u00d6n taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fey do\u011frultuda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 hareket edebilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u00a0bir uzun kep\u00e7e vard\u0131r. Buldozer bu kep\u00e7enin alt taraf\u0131ndaki kesici b\u0131\u00e7akla topra\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alar ve kaz\u0131yarak\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131r. Kald\u0131r\u0131lan topra\u011f\u0131 kep\u00e7esi v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla ileri do\u011fru iterek s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilir.\u00a0Kep\u00e7e hareket h\u00e2linde\u00a0yukar\u0131 konumda dururken toprak y\u00fczeyini kaz\u0131mak i\u00e7in bir miktar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya indirilir. Kep\u00e7enin hareketi\u00a0daha \u00f6nceleri \u00e7elik kablolar v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ise yayg\u0131n olarak hidrolikle tahrik\u00a0edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kep\u00e7enin, buldozerin hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcne olan konumuna g\u00f6re dik ve e\u011fik tipleri vard\u0131r. Yan
\ndozer denilen, e\u011fik tipte, kep\u00e7eye s\u00e2hip buldozerlerde kaz\u0131y\u0131p s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen toprak kep\u00e7enin e\u011fik
\ntaraf\u0131ndan yana at\u0131larak topra\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n tarafta y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan geli\u015fmi\u015f tiplerde\u00a0b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n buldozerin hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re konumu istenildi\u011fi gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirilip ayarlanabilmektedir.\u00a0A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 4-40 t aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen buldozerler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir (50-700BG) dizel motorla donand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u00a0y\u00fcksek bir itme ve \u00e7ekme g\u00fcc\u00fcne s\u00e2hiptir. Yol yap\u0131m\u0131 veya tarla a\u00e7ma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli toprak tesviye\u00a0i\u015flemlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Silindir ve benzeri di\u011fer i\u015f makinalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi g\u00e2yesiyle de kullan\u0131labilir.\u00a0Engebeli ar\u00e2zilerin d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok elveri\u015flidir. Toprak \u00fczerindeki engebeleri, kaz\u0131y\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131lan\u00a0topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip yayarak ve \u00e7ukur yerleri doldurarak toprak y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kabaca d\u00fczeltilmesini sa\u011flar.\u00a0Buldozerlerle topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcklenerek ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ancak 20-30 m gibi yak\u0131n mes\u00e2felerde iktis\u00e2d\u00ee olarak
\nyap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yol yap\u0131m\u0131nda buldozerlerin daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir tipi olan grayderler, geni\u015f olarak
\nkullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar lastik tekerlekli b\u00fcy\u00fck boy ara\u00e7lar olup, paletli grayderlerin saatte 10 km
\nh\u0131zlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bu ara\u00e7lar saatte 50 kilometreye varan h\u0131zlara \u00e7\u0131kabilirler. Bu dev tekerlekli y\u00fcksek
\nara\u00e7lar\u0131n kep\u00e7eleri alt taraflar\u0131nda bulunur. Saatte 50 tona kadar malzemeyi kald\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p
\nda\u011f\u0131tabilirler.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk buldozerler, tarlalarda kullan\u0131lan Holt tar\u0131m trakt\u00f6rleri adapte edilmi\u015ftir. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda z\u0131rhl\u0131 tank geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da a\u011fa\u00e7 kesimi ve yol in\u015faat\u0131 i\u00e7in yumu\u015fak bir zemin trakt\u00f6r \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck
\n1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda, James Cummings ve J. Earl McLeod ad\u0131nda bir ressam ad\u0131nda gen\u00e7 bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i, bir buldozer i\u00e7in ilk tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kopya iki buldozer in\u015fa Morrowville \u015fehir park\u0131, Kansas sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
1920’lerin ortalar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, paletli ara\u00e7lar, \u00f6zellikle Caterpillar 60 ortak oldu. 1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda lastik tekerlekli ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. , Kanallar kazmak, toprak barajlar y\u00fckseltmek ve di\u011fer toprak ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flerini yapmak i\u00e7in, bu trakt\u00f6rler, \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kal\u0131n metal plaka ile te\u00e7hiz edilmi\u015ftir. (B\u0131\u00e7ak sonra kavisli \u015fekli var). Erken baz\u0131 modellerinde s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kabin olmadan a\u00e7\u0131k \u00fcst\u00fcne oturdu. Buldozer b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ana tipi vard\u0131r: g\u00f6receli olarak uzun mesafelerde, “a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 vurma” ve pislik y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in d\u00fcz bir b\u0131\u00e7ak, bir f\u0131r\u00e7a ve f\u0131r\u00e7a ve k\u00f6kleri kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in komisyon bast\u0131r\u0131yor ve kir ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in bir U-b\u0131\u00e7ak. Bu ekleri (tekerlekli ve paletli trakt\u00f6rler ve kamyonlar i\u00e7in ev in\u015fa veya ekleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekipman \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan) 1929 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fa greyder Yayg\u0131n kabul 1930’lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n sadece kilo yerine hidrolik silindirler taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kuvvet g\u00fc\u00e7 Ayr\u0131ca, 1940’larda hem b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fcteahhitler i\u00e7in tercih edilen bir kaz\u0131 makinesi hangi zaman t\u00fcm makine ve at\u0131fta bulunulan d\u00f6nem “buldozer” sadece eki.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, buldozerler, her zamankinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak i\u015fleri i\u00e7in uygun ekipman talebine yan\u0131t olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc var. Caterpillar, Komatsu, Case, JCB, \u00d6klid gibi firmalar\u0131n [4], Allis Chalmers, Liebherr, LIUGONG, Terex, Fiat-Allis, John Deere ve International Harvester b\u00fcy\u00fck paletli tip hafriyat makineleri imal. R.G. LeTourneau ve Caterpillar b\u00fcy\u00fck lastik tekerlekli buldozerler imal edilmi\u015ftir. [5]
\nZaman ge\u00e7erken Buldozerler daha sofistike bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Iyile\u015ftirmeler i\u00e7ermektedir (otomobil), erken \u00d6klid C-6 ve TC-12 veya C Modeli Tournadozer, erken modelleri vin\u00e7 kablo yerine hidrolik silindirler veya elektrik motorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol b\u0131\u00e7ak hareketi gibi bir manuel \u015fanz\u0131man otomatik \u015fanz\u0131man yerine benzer drivetrains \/ fren ve otomatik s\u0131n\u0131f kontrol\u00fc. Hidrolik silindir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kuvvet uygulamas\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7ak ve otomatik kontroller daha hassas manip\u00fclasyon sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Topcon Konumland\u0131rma Sistemleri taraf\u0131ndan imal gibi, daha yeni bir yenilik, GPS teknolojisi ile buldozerler donat\u0131lmas\u0131, hassas tesviye kontrolu ve (potansiyel olarak) “Kaz\u0131ks\u0131z” in\u015faat A.\u015e., Trimble A.\u015e., ya da Leica Geosystems. Pek \u00e7ok tepki olarak, ve bu sistemler ile ilgili iddialar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fen, Kellogg Raporu [6] 2010, sadece dozerler i\u00e7in 200’den fazla \u00f6zellikleri de\u011ferlendirerek t\u00fcm \u00fcreticilerin sistemleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n
En iyi bilinen buldozerler yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 muhtemelen ABD’de Caterpillar, sa\u011flam, dayan\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir yapma makineleri ile \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komatsu, JCB ve John Deere, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc rakipleri. Bu makineler de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f tar\u0131m trakt\u00f6rleri ba\u015flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat projeleri i\u00e7in dayanak noktas\u0131 oldu ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda askeri in\u015faat birimleri taraf\u0131ndan kendi yolunu buldu. En iyi bilinen model, Caterpillar D9, ayn\u0131 zamanda may\u0131n temizlemek ve d\u00fc\u015fman yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Toprak tesviyesinde kullan\u0131lan paletli bir i\u015f\u00a0makinas\u0131. Dozer olarak da bilinir. \u00d6n taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fey do\u011frultuda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 hareket edebilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u00a0bir uzun kep\u00e7e vard\u0131r. Buldozer bu kep\u00e7enin alt taraf\u0131ndaki kesici b\u0131\u00e7akla topra\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[242,1173],"class_list":["post-2534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-buldozer","tag-dozer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2534"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2534"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7312,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2534\/revisions\/7312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}