{"id":2537,"date":"2012-05-06T00:35:13","date_gmt":"2012-05-05T22:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2537"},"modified":"2018-06-12T22:15:05","modified_gmt":"2018-06-12T20:15:05","slug":"buzdolabini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2537","title":{"rendered":"Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

So\u011futma i\u015flemi ortamda bulunan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak ortamda so\u011fuk hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.\u00a0\u00d6zellikle g\u0131da kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik g\u0131da ve di\u011fer bozulabilir maddeleri korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bakterilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in so\u011futma i\u015flemi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 So\u011futma Dergisi’nin 2015 tarihli bir makalesine g\u00f6re, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde so\u011futma ve iklimlendirme talebi d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda enerji t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’sini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u0131dalar\u0131 so\u011futma ile saklama y\u00f6ntemleri binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrmektedir. M.\u00d6. 1000 civar\u0131nda \u00c7inliler kesilmi\u015f buzlar\u0131 saklama y\u00f6ntemlerini biliyorlard\u0131 ve onlardan 500 y\u0131l sonra M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Hintliler so\u011fuk gecelerde toprak kaplar\u0131n i\u00e7inde buz yap\u0131yorlar ve sakl\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u00a0Bunu yan\u0131nda Yunanl\u0131lar, Romal\u0131lar ve \u0130braniler gibi di\u011fer medeniyetler, topra\u011fa kazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ukurlarda kar saklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa’n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen potasyum nitrat (g\u00fcherli\u00e7e)’\u0131n so\u011futma ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buz olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Avrupal\u0131lar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n buz toplay\u0131p\u00a0 tuzlad\u0131lar, flanele sard\u0131lar ve aylarca yeralt\u0131nda saklad\u0131lar. Bu sayede buz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki di\u011fer yerlere bile g\u00f6nderilbildi.<\/p>\n

Evaporatif (Buharla\u015fmal\u0131) So\u011futma<\/h3>\n

Mekanik so\u011futma kavram\u0131, \u0130sko\u00e7 doktor olan William Cullen’in 1720’lerde, buharla\u015fman\u0131n bir so\u011futma etkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemledi\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131. 1748’de fikirlerini etil eteri bir vakum i\u00e7inde buharla\u015ft\u0131rarak g\u00f6sterdi. Bu ilk suni so\u011futma giri\u015fimiydi.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 bir mucit olan Oliver Evans, 1805’te s\u0131v\u0131 yerine buhar kullan\u0131lan bir so\u011futma makinesi tasarlad\u0131 fakat in\u015fa etmedi. 1820’de \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Michael Faraday<\/a>, so\u011futma i\u00e7in s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f amonyak kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Jacob Perkins<\/h3>\n

\"Jacob-Perkins\"<\/p>\n

Oliver Evans ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Jacob Perkins, 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 amonyak kullanarak buhar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in bir patent ald\u0131. Bu patenti nedeniyle bazen “buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Jacob Perkins’in buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan di\u011fer bulu\u015flardan \u00e7ok daha fazla modern buzdolaplar\u0131na benzemektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir Amerikal\u0131 doktor olan John Gorrie, 1842’de Evans’\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131na benzer bir makine yapt\u0131. Gorrie, buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Florida’daki bir hastanede sar\u0131 hummal\u0131 hastalar\u0131n ate\u015finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde kullanmak i\u00e7in buz \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Gorrie, 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapay olarak buz olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemi i\u00e7in ilk ABD patentini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki di\u011fer mucitler yeni teknolojiler geli\u015ftirmeye ve mevcut so\u011futma tekniklerini geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti:<\/strong><\/p>\n