Cam silisli kumun ate\u015fte eritilmesiyle yap\u0131lan saydam ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan maddedir. Genellikle alkali ve toprak alkali silikatlardan meydana gelen cam, b\u00e2zan borat ve al\u00fcminatlar da i\u00e7ermektedir. Cam\u0131n ilk defa ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmemesine ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok eski bir tarihe sahip oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n
Cam\u0131n icad\u0131 ile ilgili en yayg\u0131n inan\u0131\u015f M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yani tun\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cam\u0131n icad\u0131 ile ilgili en eski veri, M.\u00d6.1551-1527 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Firavun Amenhotep\u2019e ait olan iri bir boncuktur.<\/p>\n
Mozaik Cam\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131r’da Ptolemaios d\u00f6neminde \u0130skenderiye k\u00f6kenli sanatkarlar taraf\u0131ndan, renkli cam par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile dekoratif desenler olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.\u00a0Cam \u00fcfleme sanat\u0131n\u0131n M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Suriyeli cam ustalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bulundu\u011fu ve oradan yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Venedikte il kristal cam, Cristallo ad\u0131 ile icat edilmi\u015ftir. 1675 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Venedik’li cam ustas\u0131 George Ravenscroft\u00a0 cama, kur\u015fun oksit ekleyerek kur\u015funlu kristal cam\u0131 icat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Cam levhan\u0131n icad\u0131 ise 25 Mart 1902 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Irving W. Colburn cam pencereler i\u00e7in seri \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve\u00a0 levha cam \u00e7ekme makinesi patentini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cam kavanoz ve \u015fi\u015feler, 2 A\u011fustos 1904 g\u00fcn\u00fc, bir “cam \u015fekillendirme makinesi” i\u00e7in patent Michael Owen taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda camdan yap\u0131lma \u015fi\u015fe, kavanoz, ve di\u011fer kaplar\u0131n \u00fcretimi Michael Owen taraf\u0131ndan icat edilen bu bulu\u015fla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cam\u0131n erime noktas\u0131 yoktur. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015far ve arzu edilen \u015fekil verilebilir. S\u0131cak \u015fekillendirme 800-1300\u00b0C aras\u0131nda yap\u0131labilir. Cam yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 500\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde yumu\u015famaya ba\u015flar. Silis camlar\u0131n geni\u015fleme katsay\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e2ni s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmelerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat di\u011fer camlar geni\u015fleme katsay\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e2ni s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmelerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Herhangi bir cam istenildi\u011fi gibi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lamaz. Bilhassa \u00e2ni so\u011futulamaz. E\u011fer bir cam bir metal ile birle\u015ftirilip kaynak yap\u0131lacaksa, metal ile cam\u0131n geni\u015fleme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Camlar\u0131n kopma y\u00fck\u00fc 4-10 kg\/cm2, bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direnci 60-120 kg\/mm2 ve elastik mod\u00fcl\u00fc 4500-10.000 kg\/mm2dir. Sertlik (\u00e7izme deneyi ile t\u00e2yin edilir) \u00e2di camlarda 200 civ\u00e2r\u0131ndad\u0131r. Silis oran\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a cam\u0131n sertli\u011fi 270\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Yo\u011funluk \u00e2di camlarda 2,4-2,6; kur\u015funlu camlarda ise 3-3,8 g\/cm3t\u00fcr. Camlarda elektrik iletkenli\u011fi ise \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olup, elektrolitik tiptendir. Elektrik iletkenli\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kla artar. \u00c2di camlar mor \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ge\u00e7irmezler. Mangan ihtiv\u00e2 eden renkli camlar yaln\u0131z k\u0131z\u0131l \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n
Camlar\u0131n, bulunduklar\u0131 ortama kar\u015f\u0131 dayanmalar\u0131 silis ve al\u00fcminyum oran\u0131yla artar. Fakat alkali oran\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fer. Camlar sudan pek etkilenmezler, fakat bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki su buhar\u0131 h\u0131zla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rabilir. Flor\u00fcr asidi (HF) h\u00e2ricinde hi\u00e7bir asitten etkilenmez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cam silisli kumun ate\u015fte eritilmesiyle yap\u0131lan saydam ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan maddedir. Genellikle alkali ve toprak alkali silikatlardan meydana gelen cam, b\u00e2zan borat ve al\u00fcminatlar da i\u00e7ermektedir. Cam\u0131n ilk defa ne zaman…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10064,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,317],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-2539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","category-is-dunyasi","tag-cam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2539"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10065,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions\/10065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}