{"id":2544,"date":"2011-03-06T00:49:45","date_gmt":"2011-03-05T22:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2544"},"modified":"2016-12-27T02:09:53","modified_gmt":"2016-12-27T00:09:53","slug":"cerrahiyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2544","title":{"rendered":"Cerrahiyi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaralanmalar\u0131 veya hastal\u0131klar\u0131 operasyon\u00a0(ameliyat) teknikleriyle ted\u00e2vi etme ilmi. Cerr\u00e2h\u00ee, d\u00e2im\u00e2 t\u0131bb\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck konular\u0131ndan birisi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Zam\u00e2n\u0131m\u0131zdan yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, bilinen ilk cerr\u00e2h\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Son 4000\u00a0y\u0131lda cerr\u00e2h\u00ee \u00e7ok yava\u015f geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da R\u00f6nesansla birlikte pek\u00e7ok ilimde b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0ilerlemeler olurken, cerr\u00e2h\u00ee konusuna fazla e\u011filinmemi\u015f ve cerr\u00e2h\u00ee m\u00fcd\u00e2haleler \u00e7ok yerde berberler\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaya dev\u00e2m edilegelmi\u015ftir. Bu devirde yap\u0131lan cerr\u00e2h\u00ee m\u00fcd\u00e2halelerin sonucu hi\u00e7 de\u00a0y\u00fcz g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmay\u0131p, ameliyatlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcmle net\u00eecelenmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa, kilisenin tesirinde karanl\u0131k bir devir ya\u015farken, do\u011fu\u00a0orijinal
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yle cerr\u00e2h\u00ee ilminde \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydedildi. Bu devirde ya\u015fayan \u00e2limlerden R\u00e2z\u00ee
\n(850-923), kar\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131n dikilmesinden ilk bahseden hekimdir. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin El-H\u00e2v\u00ee kitab\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0131p
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini, bu arada cerr\u00e2h\u00eeyi de i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Bu hekim, Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019t-T\u0131bb\u00fc\u2019l-Mans\u00fbr\u00ee adl\u0131 eserinin 7. cildini
\ncerr\u00e2h\u00eeye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m ez-Zahr\u00e2v\u00ee (912-1013), \u0130sl\u00e2m t\u0131bb\u0131nda cerr\u00e2h\u00eeyle ilgili en \u00f6nemli
\neserleri yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m ez-Zahr\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin Et-Tasrif-fi\u2019t-T\u0131b adl\u0131 eseri iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm olup, birisi genel
\nt\u0131ptan, ikincisi cerr\u00e2h\u00eeden bahseder. Bu eserde cerr\u00e2h\u0131n iyi anatomi bilmesine bilhassa i\u015f\u00e2ret edilmi\u015ftir.
\nKar\u0131n cidar\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015f devasa bir karaci\u011fer absesini ilk olarak cerr\u00e2hi us\u00fbllerle ted\u00e2vi eden bu
\nhekimdir. \u0130sl\u00e2m memleketlerinde bu devirlerde bir\u00e7ok ameliyat yap\u0131labiliyordu. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z
\nameliyatlar\u0131 me\u015fhurdu.<\/p>\n

Modern cerr\u00e2h\u00eenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131:<\/h2>\n

Modern cerr\u00e2h\u00eenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 1809 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ephraim Mc Dowell\u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan bir kar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ger\u00e7ek \u015fuydu ki hasta\u00a0beklenenden \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu noktada cerrahlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck problemler bekliyordu\u00a0\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hastan\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131 duymas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ameliyat sonras\u0131 iltihap tehlikesinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0imk\u00e2n\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n

1840\u2019ta \u00fc\u00e7 Amerikal\u0131 Crawford Long, William Morton<\/strong> ve Horace Wells<\/strong>\u00a0ve bir \u0130ngiliz
\nDames Simpson<\/strong>\u00a0ilim adam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 cerr\u00e2h\u00eede \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyecek fayda sa\u011flayan anesteziyi
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz cerrah\u0131 Joseph Lister<\/strong>\u2019in ameliyat sonras\u0131 iltihaplar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in karbolik asit
\ntatbik etmesi, modern asepsi (mikroptan ar\u0131tma) tekni\u011finin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Anestezi ve asepsinin
\nke\u015ffi, modern cerr\u00e2h\u00eede en b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelere zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda bundan daha ileri
\nteknikler geli\u015fti. Cerrahlar sinirsel veya kan kayb\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fen ve genellikle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olan
\ndola\u015f\u0131m zaaf\u0131n\u0131n (\u015fokun) sebepleri ve ted\u00e2v\u00ee \u015fekillerini \u00f6\u011frendiler.<\/p>\n

Patolog Karl Landsteiner\u2019in kan\u00a0gruplar\u0131n\u0131n esr\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmesi ve kan naklinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 da cerrahlara ameliyatlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0yard\u0131mda bulundu. Yine 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda har\u00e2b olan doku par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerine sun\u2019\u00ee veya tabi\u00ee par\u00e7alar\u00a0kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaralanmalar\u0131 veya hastal\u0131klar\u0131 operasyon\u00a0(ameliyat) teknikleriyle ted\u00e2vi etme ilmi. Cerr\u00e2h\u00ee, d\u00e2im\u00e2 t\u0131bb\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck konular\u0131ndan birisi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Zam\u00e2n\u0131m\u0131zdan yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, bilinen ilk cerr\u00e2h\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Son 4000\u00a0y\u0131lda cerr\u00e2h\u00ee \u00e7ok…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[1358,1032],"class_list":["post-2544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-ameliyat","tag-cerrahi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2544"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7578,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544\/revisions\/7578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}