Millet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen\u00a0parlamentoya dayanan ve ba\u015f\u0131nda cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan siy\u00e2s\u00ee bir rejim \u015fekli. Hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde\u00a0tek ortak yan\u0131, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mak\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n babadan o\u011fula veya \u00e2ile yak\u0131nlar\u0131na m\u00eer\u00e2s kalmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Aristo, cumh\u00fbriyeti; \u201cUm\u00fbmun menfaatini g\u00f6zeten halk id\u00e2resi\u201d diye t\u00e2rif eder. Montesquieu ise,\u00a0cumh\u00fbriyet rejiminde \u00fc\u00e7 ana kuvvet (yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yarg\u0131) bulundu\u011funu; bunlar\u0131n birbirine kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve denetleme es\u00e2s\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015fleyen, ba\u015f\u0131nda se\u00e7imle gelmi\u015f y\u00f6neticilerin oldu\u011fu siy\u00e2s\u00ee rejim\u00a0olarak if\u00e2de etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1789 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da vuk\u00fb bulan ihtil\u00e2lle Avrupa\u2019daki z\u00e2lim krall\u0131k rejimlerine\u00a0tepki olarak do\u011fmu\u015f bulunan cumh\u00fbriyet rejimi, zamanla cumh\u00fbriyete tam\u00e2men z\u0131t rejimler taraf\u0131ndan,\u00a0ger\u00e7ek y\u00fczleri \u00f6rtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sosyalist \u00fclkeler isim olarak \u201ccumh\u00fbriyet\u201d kelimesini benimsemi\u015fler, fakat \u201chalka ra\u011fmen halk i\u00e7in\u201d\u00a0d\u00fcst\u00fbrunu uygulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cumh\u00fbriyet ilk olarak ABD\u2019de 4 Temmuz 1776\u2019da, Fransa\u2019da ise 1789\u2019da \u00eel\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Demokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler cumh\u00fbriyetin en ide\u00e2l \u015feklini; \u00e7ok partili bir siy\u00e2s\u00ee hayata, genel se\u00e7imlerle\u00a0i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f ve bu se\u00e7ilen ki\u015filerin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2nunlarla id\u00e2re edilen, tarafs\u0131z ve hi\u00e7bir z\u00fcmreye\u00a0imtiyaz tan\u0131mayan bir id\u00e2reye s\u00e2hib, h\u00fcr ve demokratik bir devlet \u015feklinde telakk\u00ee ederler.<\/p>\n
Fakat \u00fclkeler\u00a0ve iktid\u00e2rlar, cumh\u00fbriyet rejimini tatbikte de\u011fi\u015fik uygulamalar g\u00f6sterirler. Mesel\u00e2 1990 \u00f6ncesi Sovyetler\u00a0Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ve ABD\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi. \u0130kisi de cumh\u00fbriyet olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, biri kom\u00fcnist, di\u011feri\u00a0kapitalisttir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cCumh\u00fbriyet\u201d 29 Ekim 1923\u2019te \u00eel\u00e2n edilmi\u015f ve 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1.\u00a0maddesinde if\u00e2desini bulmu\u015ftur. 1961 Anayasas\u0131 da devlet \u015feklinin cumh\u00fbriyet oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir\u00a0(madde 1). Ayr\u0131ca bunun de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin teklif edilemeyece\u011fini de h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00a0(madde 9).\u00a01982 Anayasas\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri cumh\u00fbriyet rejiminin kesinlikle benimsenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu beyanla 1. maddesinde \u201cT\u00fcrk Devleti bir Cumh\u00fbriyettir.\u201d, 4. maddesinde de; \u201cAnayasa<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n birinci maddesindeki\u00a0devletin id\u00e2re \u015feklinin Cumh\u00fbriyet oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcm ile 2. maddesindeki Cumh\u00fbriyet\u2019in\u00a0nitelikleri ve 3. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. Teklif edilemez.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini v\u00e2zetmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0milletvekilleri (madde 81) ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 (madde 103) vaz\u00eefelerine ba\u015flarken cumh\u00fbriyet ilkesine\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacaklar\u0131na d\u00e2ir ant i\u00e7erler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cumhuriyet ilk nerede ilan edildi Millet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen\u00a0parlamentoya dayanan ve ba\u015f\u0131nda cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan siy\u00e2s\u00ee bir rejim \u015fekli. Hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde\u00a0tek ortak yan\u0131, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mak\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n babadan o\u011fula veya \u00e2ile yak\u0131nlar\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[2033],"class_list":["post-2549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum","tag-cumhuriyet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2549"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2549"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12128,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2549\/revisions\/12128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}